城市公交线网优化研究——以兰州市为例-交通运输规划与管理专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 随着我国城市化进程的加快，汽车保有量快速增长，交通基础设施建设相对滞后， 城市交通拥堵问题凸显，城市居民出行需求与城市公共交通发展之间的矛盾日益突出。 在此背景下，以现有城市道路系统和公共交通线网为基础，优先发展公共交通，对城市 公交线网进行合理优化，将会大大提高公交服务水平，缩短居民出行时耗，从根本上缓 解交通拥堵。 首先，本文系统探讨了公交线网优化相关理论，从单条公交线路和整体公交线网两 方面建立了基于 TransCAD 软件的评价指标体系，阐述了公交线路优化的具体方法，提 出了适用于 TransCAD 软件的公交线网优化方法；对公交数据系统进行了深入研究，包 括道路网、交通小区和公交线路系统三大类数据库；细致研究了公交客流需求的预测方 法和基本原理，对各个阶段的交通规划模型进行了详细介绍，对比了各模型的主要特点， 并进行了具体应用，从而为后续公交线网的优化提供理论支撑；最后，利用实例建立公 交线路系统，录入了大量基础数据。从公交运营、公交线网和公交设施三方面具体分析 了兰州市公共交通系统的现状及存在的主要问题，通过线路长度、行车间隔、线路重复 系数、线路非直线系数、断面客流不均衡系数和站点客流不均衡系数等六项评价指标筛 选出待调整的公交线路，针对各条线路特点分别提出合理的调整方案；最后，利用各项 评价指标对公交线网优化方案进行评价。 文章考虑了近期兰州市轨道交通 1 号线的施工情况，对部分主要拥堵节点的公交线 路进行了调整，提高了方案的合理性和可操作性。 关键词：公交网络优化；交通预测；TransCAD 论文类型：应用研究 I Abstract The speeding urbanization in our country leads in the rapid growth of car ownership, while the traffic infrastructure construction is lagging behind, which results in the urban traffic congestion and the prominent contradiction between urban residents travel demand and public transportation development. Based on existing urban road system and the public transit network, giving public transport development the priority and optimizing urban public transit network, the public transit service level will be greatly improved and the resident travel consumption shortened, fundamentally easing traffic congestion. First of all, this paper introduces the basic content and optimization principle, and discusses the evaluation index from aspects of a single bus line and the overall public transit network;it briefly introduces the traffic planning software TransCAD,and researches on three categories of database: city road network, traffic zone and public transit route system; Secondly, this article elaborates the traffic demand forecasting method as well as the basic principle and it explains the stages of transportation planning model in detail, comparing the main characteristics of each model; Finally, taking Lanzhou city as an example, we set up two categories of database: Lanzhou city road network