声学基础课件许肖梅fundamentalsofacoustics07-5.ppt

We have already studied resonance in a series circuit, much of the preceding discussion should seem quite familiar. From the analogies you could have predicted that the natural frequency 2. In a damping of the oscillations,the differential equation for the motion becomes : The charge Q is equivalent to the displacement x, and the two system have similar forms, with the mechanical resistance Rm analogous to the electrical resistance R, the mass m analogous to the electrical inductance L, and the spring constant (or compliance Cm) analogous to the electrical capacitance C. The elements in the electrical system Fig. a are said to be in series because they experience the same current. Similarly, the elements in the mechanical system Fig. b can be represented by the series circuit of Fig. b : they experience the same displacement and, therefore, the same speed. The elements in the mechanical system are said to be in series when they experience the same displacement, The elements in the mechanical system are said to be in parallel when they experience the same force. (m and spring) Homework P274 1-16 * Analogies Between Mechanical and Electrical Systems We can develop a deeper understanding of what we have said about the harmonic oscillator by drawing parallels with simple electric circuit. These analogies can help our study of more complex vibrating systems, and we will eventually extend them to apply in acoustic problems as well. Many vibrating systems are mathematically equivalent to corresponding electrical systems. D=1/Cm , Cm is called mechanical compliance Consider a simple series electrical circuit containing inductance L, resistance R, and capacitance C, driven by sinusoidal voltage V conwt, as suggested in Fig. a Fig. a Equivalent series systems The differential equation for the charge q is : The differential equation for the current I=d q /d t is : We see that the electrical circuit of Fig. a is the mathematical analog of the damped harmonic oscilla