阅读理解题型应试的技巧.docVIP

阅读理解题型应试的技巧 　　一、事实细节题 　　1命题规律 　　①列举处 列举处指的是first, second, to begin with, furthermore, in addition, on the one hand...on the other hand... 等并列关系词出现的地方。要求考生从所列内容中选择符合题干要求的选项。列举方式有时不用标志词而是采用句式排比的方式给出。 　　②举例和打比方处 考生应对那些引出例子或比喻的标志词加以注意，常见的有as, such as, for example, for instance, as...as等。 　　③（指示）代词出现处 这类考题常用来考查考生是否真正理解上下文之间的句际关系。 　　④引用人物论断处 作者为正确表达自己观点或使论点更有依据，常会引用权威人士的论断或采纳其重要发现等。 　　⑤特殊标点符号后的内容 特殊标点符号包括破折号、括号、冒号、引号。 　　2答题技巧 　　事实细节题中常有两个选项语意接近，常令考生举棋不定。提高这类试题答题正确率的一个重要技巧是：围绕主题。 　　①词性和句式转换 　　有时正确选项与原文的表达不尽相同，一般会在词语或句型上有些变化。比如原文用的是双重否定而选项中用的却是肯定句式，或原文与选项互为反义词。无论怎样，这种变化只是词语和句法上的变化，但意思一致，即原文表达具体事实和细节的信息值与题干加选项的信息值虽在用词和句法上有所区别，但意思相同。比如： 　　I am usually fairly skeptical about any research that concludes that people are either happier or unhappier or more or less certain of themselves they were 50 years ago. While any of these statements might be true, they are practically impossible to prove scientifically. Still, I was struck by a report which concluded that today?蒺s children are significantly more anxious than children in the 1950s. In fact, the analysis showed, normal children ages 9 to 17 exhibit a higher level of anxiety today than children who were treated for mental illness 50 years ago. 　　Q：According to an analysis, compared with normal children today, children treated as mentally ill 50 years ago 　　A. were less isolated physically. 　　B. were probably less self-centered. 　　C. probably suffered less form anxiety. 　　D. were considered less individualistic. 　　答案：C。原文最后一句的意思与本题中的“题干+正确选项”相同，但children treated as mentally ill 50 years ago在句子中的地位发生了变化，一个是比较的对象，一个是句子的主语。原文与正确选项相互对应的词语有exhibit 与suffer, higher与less。又如： 　　Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars. 　　Q：What dose the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads？ 　　A. They are falling