牛粪堆肥中添加石灰氮对金黄色葡萄球菌的杀灭效果与堆肥发酵影响的-研究.pdfVIP

摘 要 牛粪是金黄色葡萄球菌等致病性病源菌的主要繁殖场所之一。病源菌使粪便腐 烂并产生强烈的恶臭，直接威胁着畜禽的生产性能、生态环境及人类的健康。本试 验是根据堆肥是资源化、减量化和无害化处理畜禽粪便的有效方法之一，结合内蒙 古地区对畜禽粪尿处理中存在的实际问题，并借助国内外的相关研究成果，主要研 究奶牛粪便致病性金黄色葡萄球菌的分离鉴定和草药敏感性试验,并在堆肥中添加 石灰氮对杀灭金黄色葡萄球菌的效果及其对堆肥发酵的影响。整个研究内容与结果 如下： 1 从206份奶牛鲜粪样中共检出34株疑似金黄色葡萄球菌，从34株疑似金黄色葡 萄球菌中分离到7株致病性金黄色葡萄球菌，致病菌检出率为20.59 ﹪（7 ／34 ）。丹 参、大黄、枸杞等3种草药对金黄色葡萄球菌高敏感，茜草和青蒿等2种草药对金黄 色葡萄球菌敏感，其它草药对金黄色葡萄球菌不敏感。 2 牛粪堆肥中添加石灰氮时，培养温度 30 ℃是杀灭金黄色葡萄球菌的较理想温 度。在30℃条件下进行堆肥，2.5 ％和3 ％添加量组在堆肥第3d 时已检测不出金黄 色葡萄球菌。但对照组和2 ％添加量组在堆肥的第5d 时仍检出金黄色葡萄球菌。 3 石灰氮的添加起到快速杀灭大肠杆菌的效果。对照组0 ％堆体温度迅速升高， 而2 ％、3 ％和4 ％各处理组的堆体高温出现有推迟现象，但大肠杆菌迅速达到检出 界限以下。另外，随着石灰氮添加量的增加2 ％、3 ％和4 ％各处理组总有机碳下降 幅度不大，全氮的增加量逐渐减少，堆体达到腐熟所需时间就相对较长。各组堆肥 结束时均已达到腐熟。 关键词：牛粪；堆肥；石灰氮；金黄色葡萄球菌 The Effect of Adding Lime Nitrogen to Cattle Manure Composting on killing Impact of S.aureus and Composting Abstract Cattle manure is one of the main breeding sites of pathogenic such as staphylococcus aureus pathogens. Pathogens make feces decay and produce strong stench, direct ly threat to livestock and poultry production performance, ecological environment and human health. Compost is the effective methods of recycling, reduction and free-pollution disposal to poultry and animal feces. Considering the problems in the treatment of the livestock feces, the isolation and identification of the Staphylococcus aureus in the dairy cow intestine was studied according to the recent study abroad. The experiment investigates adding lime nitrogen to cattle manure compost on killing effect of Staphylococcus aureus and compost effect. The result was: 1 37 Staphylococcus aureus suspected strains were selected in 206 samples among which 7 Staphylococcus aureus were isolated and the isolation rate was 20.59%; Staphylococcus aureus was high sensitive to the Danshen 、Dahuang and Gouqi , but it was not sensitive to the other herbal medicine.