大地电磁测深二维有限元正演及静校正方法对比研究-工程专业论文.docx

摘要 高精度、快速的大地电磁正演对于进一步认识复杂地质体的响应特征和提高反演解 释的准确性有着重要意义。在大地电磁测深资料处理中，静态效应使测得的电场发生畸 变，若不加以校正，会给资料反演解释造成较大误差甚至错误。认识静态效应的基本特 征，精确判别静态效应，选取适当的静校正方法对于频率域大地电磁测深数据处理及反 演解释有着重要的意义。 本文采用有限单元法实现了大地电磁测深二维正演。文章首先介绍了大地电磁测深 的研究现状及其基本理论，接着以 Maxwell 方程组为基础，进一步推导出二维介质大地 电磁测场所满足的边值问题及变分问题。使用变分原理将求解二维介质大地电磁场的边 值问题转变为求解泛函极值问题。网格剖分采用矩形单元，单元内进行双线性插值，进 一步求得单元系数矩阵。最后，基于 FORTRAN 语言编制 MT 二维有限元正演程序。在 此基础之上，通过构建典型的模型算例，进一步分析了 TE、TM 极化模式的响应特征及 变化规律，总结出 TE、TM 极化模式纵横分辨力特点。 此外，本文基于正演程序探讨了静态效应的产生机理，并对静态效应的校正技术进 行了对比研究。在正演基础上，分析了静态效应的基本特征，实现用相关系数法进行静 态效应识别，确定了静态效应影响程度与静态体电阻率、宽度、厚度及埋深的关系。对 静态体模型分别运用曲线平移法、空间滤波法、阻抗相位换算法及视电阻率导数法四类 静校正方法进行静校正，结果表明：四类静校正方法对静态效应均起到一定程度的压制 或减弱作用，曲线平移法、阻抗相位换算法的校正效果要明显好于空间滤波法，而视电 阻率导数法可以很好地消除静态效应的影响。这为实际资料处理中选择合适的静校正方 法提供了一定参考。 关键词：大地电磁，有限单元法，静校正，正演 I Abstract The high precision and fast forward calculation of two-dimensional magnetotelluric(MT) has important significance for us to further understand the response characteristics of complex geological body and to improve the accuracy of the inversion interpretation. In magnetotelluric data processing, the static effect distorts the measured electric field. Without correction, it will cause large error even mistake in the data inversion interpretation. Therefore, to understand the general characteristic of the static effect, to recognize the static effect correctly, and to select the appropriate static correction method is of great significance for the frequency domain electromagnetic sounding data processing and inversion interpretation. In this paper, we use the finite element method to achieve two-dimensional magnetotelluric forward. In the first, This paper introduces the research status of magnetotelluric sounding and its basic theory, and then base on maxwells equations, deducing boundary value problem and variational problem of two-dimensional magnetotelluric. By using variational theory, the boundary value problem of two-dimensional magnetotelluric field is reduced to the solution of functional extremum. Mesh subdivision a