低分子双水相体系的理论研究及其在铜的分离富集中的应用-化学工程专业论文.docx

I I 摘 要 双水相体系是近年来迅速发展起来的一类新型萃取分离体系。它利用成相物质 对水的缔合竞争能力不同而进行分相，被分离物质在两相中选择性分配，使用特定 的萃取方法，即可对所需物质进行分离。 本文研究了有机物－小分子无机盐的成相机理和成相性质，并利用乙醇－盐－ 2+ 3+ H2O 双水相体系对 Cu 和 Fe 进行了分离富集的研究。 ⑴研究了双水相的分相条件，无机盐、有机物成相能力，建立了一种初步判断 有机溶剂+无机盐+水形成的双水相体系中成相物质分相能力的判别方法。并对不同 类型双水相进行了稳定性研究。结果表明乙醇－硫酸铵双水相体系的综合稳定性最 好。 ⑵研究了双水相分相时间的影响因子，为双水相萃取能力的研究提供了必要的 理论基础。 ⑶通过大量的实验得到了不同双水相体系的液液平衡数据及成相范围。 ⑷研究了以铜试剂(DDTC－Na)为萃取剂，Cu2+和 Fe3+在双水相体系中的分配行为。 通过大量的实验，对影响萃取分离的酸度、萃取剂用量、盐用量、离子强度等诸多 因素进行分析。进行了不同配比的 Cu2+和 Fe3+的混合分离实验。 ⑸通过连续变化法和摩尔比法测定了乙醇相中 Cu2+与 DDTC-Na 的络合组成。结果 表明，Cu2+:DDTC-Na=1:2。根据实验结果结合理论分析，探讨了该双水相体系对金属 离子的萃取是络合作用、静电引力、氢键、憎水键的多种力的综合结果。 ⑹通过对 Cu2+ 和 Fe3+ 不同配比的混合 分离 实验 ，确定了最 佳分 离条件 ：在 pH=4,0.5ml0.1%DDTC-Na 溶液，15ml80%乙醇，体系总体积为 30ml，加入 6g 硫酸铵 分相的条件下，成功实现了 Cu2+和 Fe3+混合液的定量分离。与以往的溶剂萃取法相比， 具有分析率高、操作简便、价廉、无毒的优点。 关键词：双水相；分离；萃取；铜试剂；铜 II II Abstract Aqueous two-phase system is a kind of extraction, separation system quickly developed in recent years. Aqueous two-phase extraction is techniques which is used special method and based the principle that soluble polymer solution can separate two phase in the presence of inorganic salt and matter will selective in two phases. The separation and concentration of two element Fe3+ and Cu2+ using C2H5OH-salt-water aqueous two-phase system were investigated. The principle and character of organic-salt-water system were studied. ⑴The condition of organic aqueous two-phase system was analyzed. The separation capacity of organic and salt was studied. A new method which can judge the capacity of organic and salt can separate two phase were established. The stability of all kinds of aqueous two-phase system was also studied. Results show that the most stabilities system is C2H5OH/ (NH4)2SO4 system. ⑵The factor affect the separation time in aqueous two-phase system was studied, which can afford essential theory of separation capacity of aqueous two-phase system. ⑶The equilibrium data and the area that aqueous two-phase system formed were got hold of. ⑷The distribution behavior of Cu2+ an