环境规制对中国纺织业国际竞争力影响的实证分析-国际贸易专业论文.docxVIP

}:.、 5774 7 摘 要 自环境与贸易问题引起政府团体、学术界的关注以来，涌现出大量试图检验环 境规制是否对竞争力产生影响的研究，但结论分为三派。一些学者认为一国环境 规制的严格化会显著增加国内污染密集产业的成本，减少产品出口，从而损害其 竞争力:另一派以波特假设为代表，认为严格的环境规制以经济激励的形式激发 创新，而这种创新带来的收益会超过其带来的短期成本，从而提升 一企业的竞争 力;第三种观点通过部分实证研究认为，环境规制对竞争力无影响。 由于发展程度与各国环境禀赋的差异，环境与贸易问题成为南北双方矛盾的焦 点之一。出于环境技术与管理水平普遍高于发展中国家，发达国家既出于公民健 康原因，也出于保护本国工业的目的，纷纷实施各种绿色贸易壁垒以迫使发展中 国家跟进环境保护，实施严格的环境规制。针对以上三派的观点，我国的环境规 制究竟对产业的国际竞争力有无影响?是何影响?国外诸多的实证研究表明:对 于不同国家和地区、不同产业的研究结论不尽相同。为此，有必要针对我国的环 境敏感产业做一相关的实证研究，以期分析在我国是否存在这种相关性。 本文从环境规制影响机理着眼，选取客观性的环境规制指标，通过全面考察影 日|句纺织业国际竞争力的因素，建立多因素的忡。模型，得出 1991-2000 年问我国 环境规制对纺织业国际竞争力存在显著的负面影响。由此，为增强我国纺织业环 境竞争力，我国应从政府宏观措施和纺织业发展对策两方面入手。政府应制定符 合国惰的环境标准，完善相关的法制与政策措施，在宏观上给予纺织业以政策倾 斜?并加强宜传，引导绿色消费。纺织企业应积极实施企业绿色化发展战略，推 行绿色管理，普及环境认证，推行清洁生产。 关键词:环境规制 纺织业 国际竞争力 未经1干\与丁学问意 纯金叉Ufy 11 ABSTRACT The impact of domestic environmental regulation on intemational competi tiveness has evoked various literatures since its relationship became a m句or issue of concem to govemments and academia. According to these，there come three results. First，the conventional economic approach assumes that there is an inherent conflict between environmental regulation and competitiveness. Stringent regulation is a mean8 whereby environmental costs 缸e intemalized ，thus leads to higher costs，cut down the exports， and produce competitiveness loss. The reverse view is represented by Porter Hypothesis ，which argues that strict environmental regulation can promote competitiveness through innovation ，which aims to reduce environmental damage. Gains 仕om such innovation，8uch as converting waste into saleable products，or increasing resource producti叭队 will surpass the short-term cost accompanied. Besides these two views ，some other researchers point out that there 15 no lmpact 1n existence. Due to the difference of the level of development and environmental endowment ， the ìssue of environment and intemational trade becomes the focus of debate between developed and developing countries. Supported by the advantage of environment