基于超声导波技术的管道缺陷分析研究-精密仪器及机械专业论文.docxVIP

万方数据 万方数据 摘要 摘 要 管道运输是被广泛运用于石油、化工等工业领域，而由于管道本身和外在环 境的影响所造成的管道缺陷问题也暴露无遗。如何精确、高效地检测到缺陷位 置，并在第一时间对其进行维修和更换，成为了当今工业生产运输的一大课题， 而管道缺陷的无损检测就显得尤为重要。传统的无损检测由于是逐点进行，不但 效率很低，范围很小，更会带来检测定位的不精确，甚至会有盲点检测不到。正 是社会对管道缺陷检测的需求和传统管道检测技术之间的矛盾，使得超声导波无 损检测技术应运而生。 本文在众多专家学者研究的超声导波理论的基础之上，结合最新无损检测技 术的发展，重点对管道缺陷无损检测进行了理论建模分析和实验测试验证。首 先，针对国内外在该领域的研究现状和成果进行概要综述，并详细介绍了导波在 管道中传播的基础概念和原理；其次，搭建了一个有效的实验平台，采用相对先 进的实验设备和器材，重点采用分布式 PZT 传感器在管道中激励和接受特定模态 超声导波的方法；接着，对管道检测所用压电传感器进行了理论分析，设计了不 同长度压电片进行管道检测，优化选取合适的压电片尺寸以及最佳的激励频率作 为管道检测研究的压电片。经过大量的实验，得到可靠的实验数据，再加以分析 和处理，得到与理论预测基本吻合的实验结果：管道轴向点处不同缺陷形式，证 明了超声导波模态对管道的可检性。基于这个结果，通过研究管道缺陷的回波特 性，对比实验结果中的回波特征，达到对管道缺陷的识别和定位。 关键词：超声导波，无损检测，管道缺陷 I ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Pipeline transport is widely used in petroleum, chemical and other industrial fields，and Pipeline defects caused by the impact of the pipeline itself and the external environment are also exposed. So, how to detect the defect location accurately and efficiently and repair or replace the pipeline, has become a major issue in todays industrial production and transport. Then non-destructive testing of pipeline defects is particularly important. The traditional way of non-destructive testing is point by point that made the way is not only inefficient and incomprehensive, but also inaccurate, and even the defection is not been detected. It is the contradiction between the social demand for pipe defect detection and traditional non-destructive testing technology, force that Ultrasonic Guided Wave NDT technology came into being. On the basis of many experts and scholars of Ultrasonic Guided Wave theory, and combined with the latest NDT technology development, This article focuses on theoretical modeling and experimental testing and validation of non-destructive testing of pipeline defects. First of all, for domestic and international status and achievements in the field, the paper carry on summary review; Secondly, writer had built an effective experimental platform, adopted a relatively advanced laboratory equipmen