甲午战争前后军事后勤体制的变革-中国近现代史专业论文.docxVIP

中 中 文摘要 甲午战争不仅在近代中瀑躲政治史、经济史、思想史孝器挂会吏 上其有重要的转折意义：而且也是近代军事制度史上的关键转折 点。本文重点探讨甲午战争前后军攀瑟巍体制鳃变革，包捂战争本 身在这一转变中的重要作用。在甲午战争之前，由予自鹅片战争后 西方军事技术的冲击，又经镇压太平夭国运动中鲍遂应性蜕变，漆 军的后勤体制有了一定的改进。通过洋务派的自强运动，军事后勤 在物质建设上亦趋予“露化”。不过，这并不能掩盖清军在后勤特 剔是活勤体稍方面瀚缺陷：没有统简有序的后勤组织指挥体系，后 勤保蹲乱无章法。这一缺陷在中旦甲争战争中终予带来了苦果，也 扶反面促使战活的军事制度与后勤体剑的变革，最终导致了近代后 ¨_m_¨—_●一 鼓体截的基本确立。但从根本上讲，’军事菠孳绝不燕孤立的，它与 晚清玻治、经济钱度及状况密切相关。换而言之，晚清的政治经济 形势及制度影响和制约了近代军事后勤鲍发展。 关键谰： 甲午妊 军事唐鬻襁裁 变革 y AbstractThe Abstract The Jia-wu war between Ching Dynasty and Japan was not only an very important turning in the history ofpolitic，economy,ideology and society,but also a critical cause in the military system ofmodem China．The article emphasized on the change of military logistic system about Jia-wu war,including what effect the war on the change．Before the Jia-wu war,because of the attack from the west military technology and in order to suppress the Tai—Ping Heavenly kingdom revolution，the Ching Dynasty’S military logistic system had made some progress after the opium war．In the Yang—WU movement，the military logistic became as well as the West+． But this couldn’t cover the Ching Dynasty’S military’S limitation on the logistic system：There weren’t unified systems and their logistic supply was in a mess．On the one hand which resulted in the failure in氇e war oil 1 894．on the other hand accelerated the reformation and establishment of the modern logistic system at last． But in some way,the military reformation Was not isolated，which was in connection with political and economic system in late Ching Dynasty．In the other words，the political and economic system had influenced and restricted the development ofthe modem military logistic system． Key words：the Jia-wu war military logistic system change ⑧ ⑧ 硕士学位论文 MASTER’S TI坦SfS 刖 置 “后勤”是“后方勤务”的简称，作为专门的军事术语，它出现于19 世纪末20世纪初。1882年，美国海军历史学家A．T．马汉将后勤解释为通 过国家动员对武装力量提供物质保障。后勤作为一个名词在中国虽然出现 较晚，直到近世才有“军备”、“军需”以至军事“后勤”之称，但中国古 代所说的“储备”、“蓄积”、“饷馈”、“贮聚”、“武备”等都应属于后勤的 范围。所谓“兵马未到，粮草先行”，实际上也是强调后勤保障是军队得以 生存与克敌制胜的重要物质保证，