降膜式蒸发器性能的优化分析和实验研究-动力工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 强化传热技术是指能显著改善传热性能的节能新技术，其主要内容 是采用强化传热元件，改进换热器结构，提高传热效率，从而使设备投 资和运行费用最低。研究各种换热过程的强化问题来设计新颖的高效换 热器，不仅是现代工业发展过程中必须解决的课题，同时也是开发新能 源和开展节能工作的紧迫任务。在壳管式换热器中，现今的强化手段是 用不同齿形的换热管，如低肋螺纹管等。螺旋型表面强化管结构简单， 成本低廉，用途广泛，结垢少且易清洗，其强化效果明显，与体积、消 耗泵功率相同的光管式换热器相比，螺旋槽管换热器可以将总传热系数 提高 35～40％，因而备受人们青睐。 采用强化换热管的降膜蒸发器是一种高效节能换热设备,与其他类 型的蒸发器相比有明显的优势。降膜蒸发技术属薄膜蒸发,由于其相变发 生在流动的液膜中,因而有高的传热系数和热流密度,低的传热温差,尤 其低温传热性能优良。在制冷方面，降膜蒸发技术相比满液式蒸发器具 有高的传热系数、较低的制冷费用等优点。本文通过对使用降膜式蒸发 器螺杆冷水机组的测试，以及与采用满液式蒸发器、制冷量相近的螺杆 水冷机组在性能和成本上进行比较，来说明这一点。 关键词：螺旋槽管，强化传热，降膜蒸发，传热系数，成本 ABSTRACT Heat transfer enhancement is one kind of new energy conservation technology for significantly improving heat transfer efficiency. Its main content is adopting strengthen heat transfer element, improving on heat exchanger structure, increasing heat transfer efficiency, so as to make facility investment and operating expense lowest. To design novel high-efficiency heat exchanger, many kinds of heat exchanger process were investigated. How to enhance the heat transfer is not only a problem which has to be resolved for modern industry development, but also an urgent task about exploiting new energy resources and developing energy conservation. Recently, to mainly use different dentiform spiral-surface heat- transfer tube as an heat transfer improvement method, such as: spiral fluted tube, etc. Enhanced heat transfer tube with spiral-surface has simple frame, cheap cost, and wide application range. Only little dirt can adhere to it and is easy to be washed. It has distinct strengthen effect, and can improve chief heat transfer coefficient at 35-40% comparing with smooth tube exchanger which has same volume and pump power consumption. So lots of people are interested in it. Falling film evaporator with enhanced heat transfer tubes is a kind of effective energy conservation facility, and has obviously advantage than other types of evaporator. Falling film evaporation technology is film evaporation, because phase change happens in the flowing film an