基于演化博弈思想下的一类竞争合作模型在对称情形下的研究-应用数学专业论文.docxVIP

ABSTRACTThis ABSTRACT This pape r’based on the thought of the evolutionary games，introduces the mechanism that species can mediate strategies by dynamic process such as learning and simulation in the ecosystem involving two species．Started from the traditional Lotka．Volterra model，through the improvement on the linear and monotonous interaction among species，we propose a sort of competition and cooperation model with nonlinear and flexible interaction among species．By the theory of stability and theory of globally qualitative analysis of the differential equation，we prove the nonexistence of limit—cycle，and then draw the results about the local stability of the rest points and the graph of the globally qualitative structure，under the symmetrical condition．Besides，we do further discussion about the model under the general condition． The whole paper consists of three parts． The first part is the paragraph one，which presents the theoretical basis and ecological significance． The second part is the paragraph two，which introduce the competition and cooperation model step by step． In the third part，contained paragraph three，four and five，we do the research on the nonexistence of limit—cycle，local stability of the rest points and the graph of the globally qualitative structure，and then show the application analysis of the model， based on the result above．At last，point out the deficiency of the paper． Key Wo rds：Evolutionary Games，Competition，Mutualism(Cooperation)， Competition and cooperation model，limit-cycle，local stability,globally qualitative analysis 【II 第1章绪论1．1演化博弈思想 第1章绪论 1．1演化博弈思想 人类文明日益进步，而伴随而来的自然环境给我们的教训也刻骨铭心，人 类在发展经济的同时愈加意识到对生态环境的保护，从而实现可持续的发展模 式。生态环境的优劣影响环境中各个生物种群的数量，因而对生态环境的保护， 又主要体现在如何使生态环境中各个物种的数量保持稳定。因为生态环境变化 而导致的某些种群的环境容忍度和竞争力的降低，如何使之能够继续稳定的存 在，必须学习使用策略，提高自身的环境容忍度和竞争力，从而达到数量的稳 定。这正是演化博弈的思想所在。 演化博弈理论是对博弈论的一种进化，是建立在对经典博弈理论的理性基 础的质疑之上的。经典的博弈理论的理论基础是采用“完全理性”的假设。完 全理性不仅要求参与者在任何情况下都以自身利益最大化为目标，还要求他们 在博弈环境中具有完美的判断和预测能力；不仅要求他们自身有完美的理性， 还要求所有的参与者都相互信任对方的理性，有着“理性的共