固原市原州区地震诱发黄土滑坡形成机理研究-地质工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 1920 年海原地震在原州区诱发了大量的地震滑坡，造成了重大的人员财产损失。为 了查明该地区地质灾害的基本特征、形成条件和发育规律，提出科学合理的地质灾害防 治对策，需对这类滑坡的形成机理进行研究，并对其现状稳定性进行分析评价。 本文在原州区地质灾害详细调查的基础上，采用现场勘查、室内试验、数值模拟等 技术方法对该区两类代表性黄土地震滑坡—地震液化型滑坡和地震力诱发型滑坡的形 成机理进行了研究。得到了以下主要认识： （1）原州区 1920 年海原地震诱发的黄土滑坡，按触发机制可分为地震液化型和地 震力诱发型两类，前者主要分布于河流阶地与黄土台塬的过渡地带，具有低角度、高速、 远程滑动特征；后者集中分布于黄土丘陵区，具有高速、崩滑特点。 （2）对于原州区常见的黄土与泥岩组成的斜坡，若其坡度大于 30°，当地震烈度 大于Ⅷ度时，就有可能产生大规模滑坡。 （3）液化可能性判定和数值模拟分析表明，石碑塬滑坡是由于上覆马兰黄土中的 粉细砂层在海原地震时发生液化，滑体在自重和地震力作用下沿液化带发生滑动形成 的，其滑距为 1.2km，滑速为 6.6m/s，为典型的低角度、高速、远程滑坡。 （4）通过对水泉村二组滑坡原始斜坡的数值模拟分析，认为该黄土斜坡在震前处 于稳定状态，海原大地震的强大地震力是触发坡体沿岩土接触面发生大规模滑动的直接 原因。该滑坡的形成机制在原州区东部、东北部的黄土地震滑坡中具有一定的普遍性。 关键词：原州区 地震 黄土滑坡 砂土液化 形成机理 I II II Abstract In Yuanzhou district，1920 Haiyuan earthquake induced a mass of seismic landslide， causing great casualties and huge property losses.With the aim of finding out the basic characteristics，formation conditions and development rule of geological disasters in this area and proposing scientific and reasonable control measures against the hazard，we need to study the formulation mechanism of this landslide，analyse and evaluate its current stability. On the basis of a detailed survey of the geological hazard in Yuanzhou District, this paper employs technical methods such as crime scene investigation, laboratory test, and numerical simulation to investigate the formation mechanism of two typical loess landslide triggered by earthquake—the one caused by seismic liquefaction and the one caused by seismic force. And the results are: The landslide in Yuanzhou District induced by the 1920 Haiyuan earthquake can be divided into two types on the basis of trigger mechanism—the one caused by seismic liquefaction and the one caused by seismic force. The former, featuring low angle, high speed and long-distance sliding, mainly distributes in the transitional zone of river terrace and loess platform; the latter, featuring high speed, collapse and slide, centrally distributes in loess hilly region. The common slope made up by loess and mudsto