海水净化微生物絮凝剂的制备及其性能研究-环境工程专业论文.docxVIP

i i 中文摘要 本课题从筛选絮凝活性微生物产生菌入手，进行菌种鉴定，确定遗传背景； 对微生物絮凝剂产生菌最佳培养条件与生长特性、海水净化微生物絮凝剂的分离 精制与化学表征、海水净化微生物絮凝剂的应用进行探讨。 本研究从渤海湾样品中筛选得到 5 株絮凝剂的高效菌株，根据菌株的形态、 培养特征、16S rDNA 和 18S rDNA 序列分析结果，分别鉴定出黑曲霉 2 株，产 紫青霉 1 株，假单胞菌 1 株，地衣芽胞杆菌 1 株。 以产紫青霉和地衣芽胞杆菌为主要研究对象，研究了氮源、碳源、培养基初 始 pH 值、通气量、培养时间对絮凝活性的影响，获得产紫青霉和地衣芽胞杆菌 最佳培养条件。通过糖类、蛋白质、脂类、核酸类定性实验及紫外吸收光谱、红 外光谱分析，产紫青霉絮凝活性成分主要存在于发酵上清液中，为多糖类，分子 量约为 1.4×105Da；地衣芽胞杆菌絮凝活性成分同时存在于细胞破碎物与发酵上 清液中，主要成分为糖蛋白类，并含有大量羟基、羧基等官能团分子量约为 1.1×105Da。 以海水为处理对象，考察产紫青霉和地衣芽胞杆菌的实际应用效果。实验结 果表明，经复合絮凝剂絮凝处理后絮凝效果较为理想，海水浊度保持在 4NTU 以 下，絮凝率为 93.5%。 关键词：微生物絮凝剂；筛选；絮凝活性；菌种鉴定；培养条件；实际应用 ii ii ABSTRACT In this paper, the screening of microbial bacteria with flocculating activity was carried out. The bacteria were identified, then the genetic background was determined. The optimum culture conditions and growth characteristics were studied. The separation, purification and chemical characterization of the bacleria and the use of the bacleria as flocculant for seawater treadment were explored. Effective strains were isolated from the samples of Bohai Bay. Five effective strains were isolated from the samples. According to their morphology, cultural characteristics, 16S rDNA and 18S rDNA sequences, they were identified as two of Aspergillus niger, one of Penicillium purpurogenum, one of Pseudomonas sp. and one of Bacillus licheniformis, respectively. In order to study effects of carbon and nitrogen sources, initial pH and aeration rate on the flocculating activity, Penicillium purpurogenum and Bacillus licheniformis were studied respectively. The best culture conditions of Penicillium purpurogenum and Bacillus licheniformis were obtained. With the qualitative experiment of carbohydrates,proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and the analysis of UV absorption spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy, it showed that the flocculation active ingredient of Penicillium purpurogenum was presented in the culture supernatant,it was identified as polysaccharides．The flocculation active ingredient of Bacillus liche