课件：何建桂心脏基础电生理.ppt

Once the membrane reaches -40 to -45mV the charge falls quickly to the resting level. The cell membrane once again becomes polarized and the cycle begins again. (Ellenbogen, Kenneth A. Wood, Mark A. Basic Concepts of Pacing. Cardiac Pacing ICDs, 3rd Edition. Malden, MA: Blackwell Science, Inc., 2002: 48-49.) Also see: Fogoros, Richard N. Electrophysiologic Testing, 3rd Edition. Blackwell Science, Inc. 1999. Atrial fibrillation can also result from the rapid discharge of impulses from one or many ectopic (non-sinus) sites in the atria. The ectopic cells (called foci) depolarize inde