石墨烯的光电性质毕业论文.doc

哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文 哈尔滨理工大学学士学位论文 - PAGE II - - PAGE I - 毕业设计 题　　目： 《石墨烯的光电性质》 石墨烯的光电性质 摘要 石墨烯是目前发现唯一存在的二维自由态原子晶体。其独特的二维结构和优异的电学、光学、力学以及热学性能，是当前纳米材料领域的研究热点之一。本文综述了石墨烯的制备方法，介绍了其光学、电学性能及在光电应用中的研究进展。同时，对目前石墨烯在光电领域的发展趋势进行了展望。 采用聚苯乙烯作为固体碳源，通过化学气相沉积法制备大面积石墨烯。相对于传统的气态碳源，聚苯乙烯的结构本身具备键能较弱的 C-H 键。聚苯乙烯分解后产生的气态含苯环活性小分子在相对较低的温度下很容易脱氢形成活性化的碳基团。这一优异性质有助于在低温条件下催化生长石墨烯。研究表明，聚苯乙烯的加热温度是控制石墨烯层数和质量的关键因素。聚苯乙烯分解后得到的碳基团的浓度在整个石墨烯的化学气相生长过程中发挥了关键性的作用。 石墨烯是一种由碳原子以sp2杂化轨道组成的六角型晶格单原子层二维晶体。石墨烯有许多独特的性质，它是零带隙的半金属半导体材料，具有超高的费米速度（光速的1/300)、载流子迁移率（达到200,000 cmVs1)和热导率(-5000 W/mK),良好的透光特性（单层石墨烯的吸收~2.3%)和优异的力学性能（弹性模量和抗拉强度分别达到l.lTPa和125GPa)，因此在透明电极、晶体管、传感器、能源存储、高强度复合材料等方面存在广泛的应用前景。 关键词　石墨烯，光电性能，合成， 应用； 固态碳源，聚苯乙烯，单层石墨烯，毫米级石墨烯晶畴，光电性能，形核控制，人工籽晶，掺杂；纳米结构，表面增强拉曼光谱，多孔石墨烯，氧化锌，光电探测器 Photoelectric Properties and Applications of Graphene Abstract Graphene is a two-dimensional atomically thick crystal with carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice．It is regarded as one of the most promising candidates for future nanoelectronics due to its novel two-dimensional structure and excellent electrical and optical properties．In this review，different methods for preparing graphene were compared，the electric and optical properties of it were introduced，and the applications of graphene in electric and optical fields were summarized． At last，problems and tendency of graphene development of electric and optical in the future were also discussed． Graphene was synthesized by chemical vapor deposition using polystyrene as a solid carbon source. C-H bonds on polystyrene are relatively weak compared with the widely used gaseous carbon sources. The molecules decomposed from polystyrene could be easily dehydrogenated into activated sp2structured carbon related radicals, which were helpful for promoting the formation of graphene at low temperature. This result also indicates that the heating temperature of solid precursor is a critical factor to control the number of graphene layers. The densities