马克思的生态消费思想及其当代价值-马克思主义基本原理专业毕业论文.docxVIP

汕头大学硕士学位 汕头大学硕士学位论文 马克思的生态消费思想及其当代价值 I I 摘 要 工业革命以来，随着科学技术的迅猛发展和社会生产力的迅速提高，发达国家取得了 巨大的物质成就，人们生活水平大幅度提高，导致消费规模的扩展、消费结构的变革、人 们消费方式和消费观念的改变。而浪费型消费、奢侈型消费、炫耀性消费在满足人们欲望 的同时，也给人类的生存环境带来了灾难性的后果，森林覆盖面积缩小、草原退化、水土 流失、沙漠扩大、水源枯竭、环境污染、气候异常、生物多样性丧失、食物链污染、生态 平衡失调等不仅直接威胁到人类自身健康和生存环境，还剥夺了其它生物的生存权利。由 此我们不难发现，欲望消费在本质上是一种不可持续消费，表面上表现为人们追求享乐和 无限度的满足欲望，而实际上这种消费需求已经超出了自然的承载能力，究其根本是人类 将自然沦为满足欲望的工具，把无限的欲望和永恒的缺乏合理化为人的本质。因此，生态 危机实质上就是人类的生存危机，它迫使人们重新反思人与自然、人与人以及人与自身之 间的关系。 马克思的生态思想不仅深刻地分析了生态危机的本质及其产生根源，而且为解决生态 危机提供了的强大的理论武器和积极的动力系统。本文正是在此基础上，通过对马克思著 作进行文本分析和解读，深入探究其辩证的自然观、人的本质理论、消费与生产的辩证关 系、异化理论、消费力理论和自由时间等理论中所蕴含的丰富的生态消费思想，并进一步 论述了马克思生态消费观的内涵、原则及主要特点。最后，马克思的生态消费思想不仅为 可持续发展理论和生态文明建设提供了可靠的理论基础，还为从根本上解决全球生态环境 问题提供了重要的思想依据和现实路径。 关键词：人；自然；生态消费思想；物质变换；人的全面发展 I II Abstract Since the industrial revolution, along with the rapid development of scientific technology and social productivity rapidly increase, developed countries made great material success and people living standard improve, resulting in consumption greatly, expand the consumption structure change, and people consuming mode and consumption ideas change. While Waste type consumption, luxurious type consumption, conspicuous consumption satisfy people desire, it brings human survival environment disastrous consequences. Forest coverage area shrinks and grassland degradation, soil erosion, desert expansion, water exhaustion, environment pollution, climate change, loss of biodiversity, food chain, pollution and ecological balance disorders not only direct threaten human health and environment itself, but also deprive other biological right to exist. Visible, desire consumption in essence is a kind of unsustainable consumption, on the surface for people to pursue desire an unlimited enjoyment, but in fact the consumption demand have exceeded the natural carrying capacity, its fundamental is human nature into the tool, the desire of infinite hopes and lack of the eternal rationalize human essence. Therefore, ecological crisis is essentially the