长白山北坡西方蜜蜂种群分布调查.docVIP

长白山北坡西方蜜蜂种群分布调查 蔡凤坤 张德文 沈璐 史国强刘凤霞 张睿 李卓 黄 利亚巩振财 长白山科学研究院长白山生物群落与生物多样性吉 林省联合重点实验室 吉林省长白山保护开发区管理 委员会 摘要： ［目的］调查长白山北坡西方蜜蜂种群分布情况。［方法］对西方蜜蜂在长白山北坡 的饲养现状及分布情况进行了调查，并对其在长白山的分布、饲养规模、生产性 蜂种的类型及生产性能等进行了分析，探讨了中、西蜂的种间竞争关系。［结果］ 西方蜜蜂种群在长白山海拔5501 100 m均有分布，主要分布在各交通要道上。 2014—2016年，西方蜜蜂种群共分布4 928群，且有逐年增加的趋势。2016年, 在调查的3条公路上分布西方蜜蜂蜂场41个，种群1 930群。定地蜂场仅占调 查总蜂场数的12. 2%,生产类型主要为蜜型和蜜浆双混型，蜂场规模以屮小型 居多，蜂蜜产量4050 kg/群的蜂场为13个，其蜂群数占调查总群数的49. 3%。［结 论］研究结果可为长白山中华蜜蜂种群恢复及可持续发展提供科学依据。 关键词： 西方蜜蜂;长白山北坡;分布;调查; 作者简介：蔡凤坤(1980—)，女，吉林白山人，助理研究员，硕士，从事野生 动植物保护与利用研究。 作者简介：巩振财，高级农艺师，从事野牛动植物保护与利用研究。 收稿日期：2017-08-21 基金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(20140417017CB) Inves tiga/tion on the Dis trib ution of Apis mellifera on Northern Slope of Changbai Mountain CAI Feng-kun ZHANG De-wen SHEN Lu GONG Zhen-cai Jilin Provincial Joint Key Laborstory of Changbai Mountain Biocoenosis and Biodiversity, Changbai Mountain Academy of Sciences; Abstract： [Objective]To investigate the distribution situations of Apis mellifera on northern slope of Changbai Mountain. [Method]The current breeding status and distribution of A. mellifera on northern slope of Changbai Mountain were investigated. The distribution, raising scale, types of productive bees and productive performances of bee species were analyzed. The interspecific competition between A. mellifera and A. cerana Fabricius were discussed. [Result]The populations of A. mellifera were mainly distributed along three roads from 550 to 1 100 meters. There were 4 928 groups of A. mel 1 if era that kept in creas ing year by year from 2014 to 2016. In 2016, 41 apiaries, 1 930 groups of A. mellifera were distributed on northern slope of Changbai Mountain. The fixed apiaries accounted for 12. 2% of the investigation total. The production types mainly included honey type and honey-royal jelly mixed type. The apiary scales were in the majori ty by the smal 1-sized and medium-sized. There were 13 apiaries that the honey yields were 40-50 kg per group and the bee groups accounted for 49. 3 % of the totai. [Conc