冷冻法固定化微生物去除废水中氨氮的技术研究-环境工程专业论文.docxVIP

硕十论文 硕十论文 冷冻法固定化微生物去除废水中氨氮的技术研究 摘 要 本文以PVA为载体，采用冷冻包埋法分别制备了固定化硝化污泥、混合硝化反 硝化污泥以及传统活性污泥颗粒，经活化或驯化后在三相流化床中处理氨氮废水。实 验结果表明：固定化硝化污泥颗粒具有良好的硝化能力，氨氮转化产物中亚硝酸盐占 优势；加入反硝化污泥的混合固定化颗粒可以实现同时硝化反硝化，并确定了其最佳 工艺参数；固定化活性污泥颗粒经驯化后具有一定的硝化能力；当处理有机氨氮废水 时固定化硝化污泥颗粒和固定化活性污泥颗粒均可实现一定程度的单级生物脱氮。同 时，采用冷冻包埋法制备的固定化颗粒耐曝气性能强，颗粒寿命长达三个月以上。 关键词：固定化，硝化污泥，反硝化污泥，活性污泥，流化床，氨氮， 同时硝 化反硝化(SND) 硕Jj论史 硕Jj论史 冷冻法固定化微生物去除废水中氨氮的技术研究 Abstract The nitrilying activated sludge、nitrilying and denitrifying activated sludge and traditional activated sludge were immobilized wim polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)and the immobilized pellets were prepared by circulatory freezing and thawing method．After cultivated the pellets were used to treat Composed NH4+-N Wastewater in fluidized bed reactor．The experiment results were as follows：The nitrilying activated sludge pellets have good capability of nitrification and N02‘-N taked up more percentage in ammonium—N transfer reactant．Co—immobilized pellets c,ag realize simultaneous nitrification and denitfification(SND)．The best technical parameters were established through experiments．The traditional activated sludge pellets had nitrification to some extent．When used to treat wastewater composed NI-14+-N and organic carbon source，the nitrifying activated sludge pellets and the activated sludge pellets call also produce SND phenomenon in a certain extent．The experiment results also indicated that the immobilized pellet。s 1ife was more than 3 months． Keywords：immobilization，nitrifying activated sludge，denitrifying activated sludge， activated sludge， bed reactor， ammonium-N， simultaneous nitrification and denitrification(SND) 硕士论文 硕士论文 冷冻法同定化微生物去除废水中氨氮＆§技术研究 1．绪论 1．1前言 随着我国经济的快速发展和人们生活水平的提高，含氮化合物的排放量急剧增 加，已成为环境的严重污染源而引起各界的关注。含氮化合物对水体环境的影响最为 突出的是水体(特别是封闭水体)的富营养化，表现为藻类的过量繁殖及继而引起的 水质恶化以至湖泊退化；其次是氨氮的耗氧特性会使水体的溶解氧降低，从而导致鱼 类死亡和水体黑臭；再次，当水体的pH值较高时，氨对鱼类等水生生物也具有毒性； 此外，饮用水中硝态氨超过lOmg／L会引起婴儿的高铁血红蛋白症 。水环境污染和 水质富营养化问题的尖锐化迫使越来越多的国家和地区制定严格的氨氮排放标准。目 前，欧洲各国对废水的脱氮要求越来越严。如德国除要求到1995年有85％的污水处 理厂达到三级处理标准外，还要求到1999年污水厂出水每