拉福莱特与进步主义运动研究-世界史专业论文.docxVIP

上海师范大 上海师范大学硕士学位论文 摘要 万方数据 万方数据 摘要 19 世纪末 20 世纪初的美国正经受着因社会转型而带来的一系列震荡，经济上 表现为传统的自由经济遭到空前冲击，代之以私人垄断资本出现；政治上表现为杰 斐逊式民主遭到破坏，代之以党魁弄权、政治腐败；文化上表现为传统的个人主义 价值观念衰落，代之以集体和国家观念的增强。社会的剧烈转型导致了原有社会结 构的改变，财富和权力愈加集中在少数人手中，中产阶级日趋边缘化，贫富差距更 加悬殊。中产阶级与知识分子怀着对社会的责任感纷纷走上历史的前台要求改革， 其中以西奥多·罗斯福、伍德罗·威尔逊和罗伯特·拉福莱特为代表，前两位是联 邦层面改革的代表，拉福莱特则是州级改革的代表。 拉福莱特从政经历较为曲折，历任地区检察官、众议员、州长和参议员，在不 同的职位上，拉福莱特在进步主义运动中也扮演了不同的角色，可以说，最为辉煌 的时期是拉福莱特在任州长时，由于能将权力集中在自己手中，因此对威斯康星州 进行了大刀阔斧的改革，并与威斯康星大学进行了卓有成效的合作，史称“威斯康 星理念”。在任参议员期间，拉福莱特也推动制定了一些进步主义的立法，但是和在 威州取得的改革成效相比要小得多。拉福莱特的去世虽是进步主义运动的一大损失， 但他的进步遗产则是留给美国人民宝贵的精神财富和制度财富。本文以进步主义运 动为大背景，以拉福莱特为研究对象，以拉福莱特的经历为线索，通过分析拉福莱 特的从政经历、主要改革举措等来重新审视微观视角下的进步主义运动。 关键词：拉福莱特；进步主义；威斯康星；进步传统 I Abstr Abstract Shanghai Normal University Master of History Abstract America was experiencing a serious of shocks caused by the social transformation during the late 19th and early 20th century, which have several performances, for example, the unprecedented charge of traditional free economy and the appearance of the private monopoly; the destroy of the Jeffersonian Democracy that was replaced by the leader’s excessive power and political corruption; the decline of personal values and the growth of collectivism and state concept. Dramatic social transformation lead to the change of the original social structure, wealth and power was more concentrated on the minority, the middle class was gradually marginalization, social wealth became more disparity. The middle class and the intellectual whom with social responsibility, one after another walk to the history reception for reform, of them, Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson and Robert La Follette were representatives, the first two are the delegates of federal reform, La Follette is the delegate of state reform. It was tortuous that La Follette’s political experience is, who has served as the Dane District Attorney, the Congressman, the Governor of Wisconsin, the Senator, and played different roles in different positions. However, the most brilliant p