拉臂式垃圾车仿真分析与优化设计-机械工程、机械制造及其自动化专业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘要 随着科技的发展和社会的进步，城市人口越来越多，导致城市生活垃圾越来越多。为 了给人们创造出优美、舒适的工作、学习和生活环境，就必须对各种生活垃圾进行快速、高 效的运输和处理，此时我们就需要一些大型的自动化环卫机械设计来帮忙。 车厢可卸式拉臂车是一种高效、便捷的垃圾运输车辆，它可以很方便地实现垃圾自卸 和垃圾箱自动装卸的功能。这种车辆在西方发达国家的城市已经非常普遍，而且设计制造技 术比较成熟，然而，在我们国家起步比较晚，八十年代才开始引进，产品研制主要采用测绘 和经验取值方法，技术比较落后。本文对海德某型号拉臂式垃圾车进行动态仿真分析和优化 设计。通过 SolidWorks 建立三维实体模型，导入 ADAMS 对基本的工作状态进行多体动力学 仿真，求得各关键铰接点载荷数值；然后以此为载荷条件，在 ANSYS Workbench 中建立有限 元模型，对各个工作过程进行瞬态有限元分析，得出拉臂结构各部分的应力、应变分布情况。 然后对应力值较大的拉臂机构 L 形折弯处进行修改，让结构更加合理，降低应力效果比较明 显；对车厢结构进行了局部的修改，增大了最小拉臂转角，有效地为了降低拉箱过程举升油 缸的最大拉力。这样利用 ADAMS 和 ANSYS workbench 虚拟样机技术，缩短产品研制周期，提 高产品质量。 关键词： 拉臂式垃圾车 、多体动力学仿真 、有限元分析 、优化设计 II II Abstract With the development of technology and society, there are more and more people in the city, and an increasing number of solid waste .In order to give people a beautiful and comfortable living environment ,we need some great mechanical sanitation to help transport and deal with garbage as soon as possible. Hook-lift garbage truck is an efficient and convenient transport vehicle for garbage. It has the function of automatic loading and unloading .This type of vehicle is very common in western countries .So designing and manufacturing technology is relatively mature, however. Rather late in our country, in 1980s,this garbage truck began to appear, and technology is relatively backward. in this paper ,a type of hook-lift garbage truck has been carried out for dynamic simulation and optimization .We created 3D model by Solidworks ,then put into ADAMS for multi-body dynamic simulation ,got the load value of key connections. Then ,we created finite element model in ANSYS Workbench with the formal loading conditions for FEA ,then we got the hook-lift structure of all parts of the stress and strain distribution .Then ,we need to optimize the part the largest stress ,and we got a good result. In order to reduce the maximal pulling force of the hydro-cylinder , we need to increasing the minimum pull-arm angle, and change the structure of the garbage can. in a word ,we us