营养与健康 生热营养素 能量预防医学.ppt

WHO 建议的计算基础代谢公式 年龄(y) 公式（男） 公式（女） 0~3 (60.9 ×W)-54 (61.0×W)-51 3~10 (22.7 ×W)+495 (22.7 ×W)+499 10~18 (17.5 ×W)+651 (12.2×W)+746 18~30 (15.3 ×W)+679 (14.7 ×W)+496 30~60 (11.6 ×W)+879 (8.7×W)+829 60 (13.5 ×W)+487 (10.5 ×W)+596 注:W为体重(kg)。摘自Technical Report Series724,Geneva,WHO,1985。 表1-12 人体24小时静息代谢参值(Kcal) 年龄(y) 40 50 57 64 70 77 84 91 100 体重（kg） 男性 10~18 1351 1526 1648 1771 1876 1998 2121 2243 2401 18~30 1291 1444 1551 1658 1750 1857 1964 2071 2209 30~60 1343 1459 1540 1621 1691 1772 1853 1935 2039 60 1027 1162 1256 1351 1423 1526 1621 1716 1837 女性 10~18 1234 1356 1441 1527 1600 1685 1771 1856 1966 18~30 1084 1231 1334 1437 1525 1628 1731 1833 1966 30~60 1177 1264 1325 1386 1438 1499 1560 1621 1699 60 1016 1121 1195 1268 1331 1404 1478 1552 1646 摘自Nutrition Science and Application,第二版，第190页,1997。 4. The factors affecting BMR (1) Body surface area: (or lean mass fatty tissue) (2) Gender: male female (3) Age: 2% of decline per 10 years after age 30 5% of decline per 10 years after age 60 (4) Nutrition state: Low energy intake decreases BMR about 10%-20% (5) Physiological status: Pregnancy increases BMR (6) Body temperature: Fever increases BMR (7) High or low air temperature, hormone system activity, nerve and eating too much increase BMR (Adaptive Thermogenesis , 适应性生热作用) (8) Caffeine and tobacco increase BMR (二) Physical Activity Energy needed during physical activity depends on body lean mass, intensity (强度) and time of activity. The energy is about 15%-30% of total energy use in sedentary(久坐的) people. (三) Specific dynamic action (or Thermic Effect of Food, TEF) 食物特殊动力作用或食物热效应 1. Definition The amount of extra energy used by body during digestion, absorption, metabolism, and storage of energy-yielding nutrients. 2. Energy expenditure 5%-6% of total calorie produced by carbohydrates carbohydrates lipids 4%-5% of that protein 30% of tha