管理学原理-英文版c9.pptVIP

* * While some workers will not be trainable, the most popular methods for turning individuals into team players are proper selection, employee training, and rewarding appropriate team behaviors. When hiring team members, managers should ensure that individuals can fulfill team roles as well as technical requirements. Even independent workers can be trained to become team players through workshops that cover team problem solving, communications, negotiations, conflict resolution, the five stages of team development, and coaching skills. The reward system must encourage cooperation rather than competition. For instance, promotions, pay raises, and other forms of recognition should be not only based on individual excellence but also on collaboration and team work. Also, teamwork can be its own reward because it is exciting and satisfying to be an integral part of a successful team. * * * One of the central characteristics of continuous process improvement is the use of teams. Ford Motor Company began its continuous improvement efforts in the early 1980s, and teams were the primary organizing mechanism. When designing the quality problem-solving teams, Ford’s management realized that the teams should be: small enough to be efficient and effective be properly trained in the skills their members will need be allocated enough time to work on the problems they plan to address be given the authority to resolve the problems and implement corrective action have a designated “champion” to help the team get around roadblocks. * 管理资料 Types Of Work Teams (cont’d) Cross-Functional Work Team (a matrix) A team composed of employees from about the same hierarchical level but form different work areas in an organization who are brought together to accomplish a particular task Virtual Team A physically-dispersed team that uses computer technology to collaborate without concern for distance, space, or time in order to achieve a common goal. 管理资料 Team Effectiveness EXHIBIT 9–6 Tea