人体生理学及工业疾病.ppt

* THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM呼吸系统 鼻子 口腔 气管 肺 膈 THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM呼吸系统 The major function of the respiratory system is gas exchanged between the external environment and the circulatory system. 呼吸系统的主要功能是实现外部环境和循环系统之间的气体交换。 Like the skin and the eye, the lungs are affected by irritants and allergens. 与皮肤和眼睛类似，刺激物和过敏原也会影响肺部。 They also respond in the forms of fibrotic pneumoconiosis and malignant disease to a variety of industrial agents. 因接触的工业剂，可能还会导致纤维化型尘肺和恶性病。 Particles greater than 10 μm in diameter are filtered by the nose. 鼻子会过滤直径10μm以上的粒子。 THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM呼吸系统 Irritation caused by gases and fumes produce inflammation of the respiratory tract and the symptoms tend to be acute or delayed, depending on the solubility of the toxic agent. 气体和烟雾的刺激会导致呼吸道炎症，根据有毒物质的溶解度，症状可能是急性的，也可能是慢性的。 Allergic reactions to substances can cause occupational asthma. 对物质出现过敏可能会导致职业性哮喘。 Pneumoconiosis is the reaction of the lungs to inhaled mineral dust and the resultant alteration in their structure. 肺尘埃沉着病是肺部吸入矿物粉尘，导致肺部结构出现变化的疾病。 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) refers to chronic bronchitis and emphysema. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是慢性支气管炎和肺气肿。 Lung Cancer. 肺癌。 THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT胃肠道 舌头 食道 胃 肝 胰腺 结肠（大肠） 阑尾 回肠（小肠） 肛门 THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT胃肠道 The gastrointestinal tract is the system used by the body to take in, break down and absorb nutrients as well as to excrete waste products. 胃肠道是身体摄入、分解和吸收营养物质，排出废物的系统。 Ingestion as a toxic route of entry in industry is unlikely unless people are allowed to eat or smoke at their work station 因摄取可能导致吸入有毒物质，故多数工作场所不允许进餐或抽烟。 Both vomiting and diarrhea are natural defence mechanisms 呕吐和腹泻是身体自然额防御反应 Absorption of toxins is relatively less efficient than via inhalation. 吸收中毒的效率要远不及呼吸中毒。 THE LIVER肝脏 肝脏 THE LIVER肝脏 The liver is a major metabolic organ which is used to process nutrients which have been absorbed into the blood from the gastrointestinal tract or via other routes such as inhalation. 肝脏是一个重