英语语法 被动语态.pptVIP

目录 被动语态的构成 被动语态的使用要点 同学们的问题 练习题 一.构成 英语中 有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，其构成为be+过去分词。 eg. They will widen the road .（主动） The road will be widened.（被动） 一般时态 进行时 完成时 现在 am is asked are am is being asked are has been asked have 过去 was asked were was being asked were had been asked 将来 shall will shall have been asked will 过去将来 should be asked would should have been asked would (一)1被动语态各种时态形式表 2 情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的谓语变为被动态时，结构为： 一般形式：情态动词（can,could,may,must,might,must,should,need等)+be+过去分词 完成式：情态动词（can,could,may,must,might,must,should,need等)+have+过去分词 eg. This can be done by hand. The project might have been completed earlier. . They shouldn’t have been told about the plan. 3 祈使句的被动态 （1）肯定祈使句的被动语态结构为： let+宾语+be+过去分词 （2）否定祈使句的被动语态结构为： don’t let+宾语+be+过去分词= let+宾语+not+be+过去分词 eg. Let us do it at once. (Let it be done at once.) Don’t forget to water the flowers. (Let it not be forgotten to water the flowers. =Don’t let the flowers be forgotten to be watered.) Note:1.疑问代词作主语时，改为被动语态要用“By+特殊疑问句”结构 eg. Who invented the machine? (By whom was the machine invented?) 2.疑问代词作宾语时，改为被动语态要用疑问代词作主语 eg. What have you done to improve the quality? (What has been done by you to improve the quality?) 3反问疑问词改为被动语态时，把宾语改为主语 eg. He can jump over the wall, can’t he? (The wall can be jumped over by him, can’t it? 二 被动语态的使用要点 1.不及物动词不能用于被动语态 appear, rise, die, happen, occur, lie, belong to ,break out, take place 等都属于此类动词 Eg. Great changes have been taken place in my hometown. Great changes have taken place in my hometown.（正确） 2.表示状态的动词不能用于被动语态 英语中有些动词（短语动词）表示某种状态或情况，有“拥有，容纳，适合，缺少，明白”等意，这类动词不能用于被动语态，常见的有： lack, fit, mean, hold, have, cost, resemble（与….相似）,last, become, contain, fail等。 Eg. The book costs 10 yuan. Her mother is resemble by Jane.(误） Jane resembles her mother.（正） Note: （1）