初二英语精讲精练——语法—现在完成时（2）.pdfVIP

初二英语精讲精练：语法—现在完成时（2） 一、学习建议 现在完成时是初二特别重要的知识点，一般会从现在完成时的基本结构，表示的意义，时间标志词； 瞬间性动词和延续性动词以及现在完成时和一般过去时的区别来进行考察。现在完成时在考试中占据很大 的比例，同学做这类题目的时候，一定要仔细读题，联系现在完成时的知识点，认真做题。本章主要给大家 讲解现在完成时第二个考点：瞬间性动词和延续性动词。 二、语法— 现在完成时 （2） 现在完成时：动作过去发生，持续到现在并且可能继续持续下去。 知识精讲：瞬间性动词和延续性动词。 1. 瞬间性动词：动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。（也称“非延续动词”） 延续性动词：动作可以持续一段时间或者更长时间。 2. have been to have gone to have been in e.g. — Where are the Greens, may I ask? — Well, they have gone to England. / Well, they have been in England for a week. e.g. ① Tom 去过北京两次。 Tom has been to Beijing twice. → 去过，已回 ② Tom 去了北京。 Tom has gone to Beijing. → 去过，未回 ③ Tom 已经在北京三天了。 Tom has been in Beijing for 3 days. → 一直待在某地 3. 延续性动词VS 瞬间性动词 1） 延续性动词+ 时间段 e.g. He has just arrived in America. √ He has arrived in America for a week. × He has been in America for a week. √ 2）常考的瞬间性动词 come, arrive, go, leave, start, marry, join, die, borrow, buy, finish... 3) 瞬间动词的延续状态 e.g. ①电影20 分钟前，已经开始。 The film has been on since 20 minutes ago. ②电影已经结束20 分钟了。 The film has been over for 20 minutes. ③我的弟弟参军一年了。 My brother has been in/ a member of the army for a year. 三、易错典型例题 例1. What a nice watch! How long _____ you _____ it? For two weeks. A. have; bought B. have; had C. did; buy D. are; having 例2. Why are you looking for Mary in a hurry, John? The boss is wondering where she ______ and how long she ______ there. A. has been; has been B. has gone; has gone C. has been; has gone D. has gone; has been 例3 . He has ______ for two years. Two years ______ a long time. A. left home; are B. left home; is C. been away from home; is D. been away from home ; are 例4. They ______ some