论王守仁“知行合一”的思想.docVIP

摘 要 摘 要 王守仁龙场悟道，对知行关系提出新解，始论知行合一。在此之前朱熹提出“知先 行后”“行重知轻”“知行常相须”的观点。在王守仁看来，朱熹的知行观导致了世人 知行二分，而知行二分会造成世人终身不行、终身不知。所以王守仁认为知行二分的知 行皆为“假知假行”。王守仁批评世人“假知假行”，强调知行合一的知行才是真知行。 知行合一说贯通于王守仁整个心学体系，是其心学体系中很重要的部分。王守仁心 学体系中最核心的概念是“致良知”。致良知之说乃是王守仁在对知行合一说的阐发中 发展出来的，并且在知行合一理论中已潜在地含着关于良知的思想。良知有判断是非善 恶的特性，无论是时时自省还是去除私欲遮蔽，皆需要致良知的功夫。作为心学体系核 心的“致良知”同“知行合一”皆是以“良知”为目标的践行。 任何人的思想学说都会由于自身、时代的限制有其合理性和非合理性。知行合一思 想同样既有思想贡献也有思想流弊。从对人主体性的重视程度来看，知行合一说高扬了 人的主体性。从对社会整体性的发展来看，知行合一说进一步推进了中国文化和传统道 德生活的平民化。同时知行合一也有内部的理论矛盾，甚至由于后学发展不当出现学术 弊端。古人常以修己成圣作为精神目标，在现代社会生活中，我们同样需要既定一个精 神目标或者人生目标来实现人生价值。当我们要确证这个精神价值的时候，依旧要涉及 知行论题。那么王守仁“知行合一”思想中的合理性对于今人便具有一定的启发性和参 考价值。 关键词 王守仁 知行合一 良知 致良知 I 万方数据 Abstract Abstract Wang Shouren gave out a new view about the relationship between knowledge and action after comprehended truth in Longchang, in which time the view of “knowledge and action are one” came into being. Prior to this, Zhu Xi put forward the idea of “knowledge first and action after that”, “action is more important than knowledge”, “knowledge and action are important to each other”. In the view of Wang Shouren, the idea of Zhu Xi led to the separation of knowledge and action in people’s mind, which resulted the loss of knowledge or action in people’s whole life. Therefore, Wang Shouren believed that Zhu Xi’s idea about knowledge and action is “wrong”. Wang Shouren criticized people’s wrong idea on knowledge and action, emphasizing that the unity of knowledge is the truth. The view of “knowledge and action are one” through Wang Shouren’s whole philosophy of mind, is a very important part in the philosophy of mind system. The core concept of Wang Shouren’s philosophy of mind system is “to make conscience”. “To make conscience” is an concept that Wang Shouren put forward in the process of explanation of the “ knowledge and action are one”. And the thought of conscience is hidden behind the view of “knowledge and actions are one”. Conscience has the features of judging the good and evil. Whether self-reflection or removi