情态动词havedone华南师范大学.ppt

情态动词 modal verbs 华南师范大学外国语言文化学院 周巧欣 杨锦 page 10 para 1 line 4 By now his restaurant ought to be full of people. line 7 Nothing could be better. line 9 Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did. para 3 line 26 Perhaps he should go to the library and find out. para 4 line 33 They would become very tired. Reading the book ? ought to、could、 must、should、 would 是什么呢？ 语法特征 巩固练习 定义 具体用法 情态动词 modal verbs 定义 　　 情态动词（Modal verbs）本身有一定的词义，是表示说话人的某种情感或语气，对某一种动作或状态的态度的单词。 什么是情态动词？ 常见的情态动词有：can, could, may, might, should,shall, need, would, ought to等 语法特征 　　 情态动词的语法特征 2. 1. 情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。 例：Nothing could be better. Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did. Why could he get the job? 情态动词无人称和数的变化，即情态动词不会因为人称和数量的区别而产生变化。 例：By now his restaurant ought to be full of people. By now his restaurants ought to be full of people. 3. 情态动词的语法特征 4. 5. 情态动词除ought, have外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。 例：By now his restaurant ought to be full of people. They would become very tired. 否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 “not”。 例：You shouldnt come here. 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来. . 常见情态动词的具体用法 　　 can和could 1. 表示能力：会；在表示过去的能力时用could 例：I can swim. I could not read such an easy book when I was seven. 2. 表示允许，许可。此时could不表示时态，而是比can在语气上要客气些 例：Could I read your book? -- Yse, you can. could提问，答语用can 3. 表示推测，多用于疑问句与否定句中。在这里，can与could没有时态的区别，只有可能性大小的区别。can表示的可能性比could大 例：He cannot be at home. 他不可能在家。 Can he be ill at home？他会是生病在家吗？ 　　 may和might 1. 表示请求、许可，常译为可以。口语中可以用can或could代替may， 但在正式场合用may 例：May/Might/can/could I have a talk with you? 2. 表示推测，可译为“可能，也许”；一般情况下，might表示的可能性极小；疑问句表推测时，一般不用may而用can 例：The light isnt on. It may/might be broken. 3. 可用于祈使句，表示祝愿 例：May you be happy. must和have to 1. must和have to表示必须