博士入学英语试题.docVIP

PAGE 4 PAGE 1 7\Part III Reading comprehension (35%) Directions: In this part, there are 7 reading passages. Each passage is followed by 5 questions. For each of them there are four choices marked a, b, c and d .You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet. Passage 1 Andrew Carnegie, American industrialist and philanthropist, made a fortune by manufacturing iron and steel protected by custom tariff. In 1873,on one of his frequent trips to England, he met Henry Bessemer and became convinced that the industrial future lay in steel. He built the J. Edgar Thomson Steel Mills near Pittsburgh, and from that moment on, the Carnegie Empire was one of constant expansion. Later on, the Carnegie Steel Co. became an immense organization. It included all the processes of steel production from the great furnaces and finishing mills of Pittsburgh to the ores and the finished products. Like his grandfather, Andrew Carnegie did not abandon the radical idealism of his forebears for the benefit of the working class and the poor people. In spite of his espousal of Herbert Spencer’s philosophy and the social Darwinism of the period Carnegie remained deeply committed to many of the charitist ideals of his boyhood. He believed in the social responsibility of the man of wealth to society. He must serve as a steward for the fortune he has earned and use that fortune to provide greater opportunity for all and to increase man’s knowledge of himself and of his universe. Furthermore, Carnegie considers that the dispensation of wealth for the benefit of society must never be in the form of free charity but rather must be as a buttress to the community’s responsibility for its own people. When Carnegie died in Lenox Mass, on August 11,1919, most of his fortune was already gone. People wonder that if Carnegie had known this when he was alive, he would have spread most of his wealth to the poor people. Carnegie was able to develop his v