941汽车专业英语.pdfVIP

2 Automobile Service and Maintenance 2* 1 Engine Measurements and Performance This section describes various ways in which engines and engine performance are measured. a) These include not only physical measurements, such as cylinder diameter t length of piston stroke, and so on, but also engine perfor­ mance measurements» such as torque and horsepower. WORK Work is the moving of an object against an opposing force. The object is moved by a push, a pull, or a lift. For example, when a weight is lifted, it is moved up­ ward against the pull of gravity, Work is done on the weight* Work is measured in terms of distance and force. Distance times force equals work.2) ENERGY Energy is the ability, or capacity, to do work. POWER Work can be done slowly or it can be done rapidly. The rate at which work is done is measured in terms of power. (3) A machine that can do a great deal of work in a short time is called a high-powered machine.4) Power is the rate, or speed, at which work is done. • 143 • TORQUE Torque is twisting, or turning, effort. Torque, however, must not be confused with power. Torque is turning effort which may or may not result in mo­ tion. 5) Torque is calculated by multiplying the push by the crank offset» or the distance of the push from the rotat­ ing shaft. ENGINE TORQUE When the piston is moving down on the power stroke, it is applying torque to the engine crankshaft (through the connecting rod). The harder the push on the piston, the greater the torque applied, thus， the higher the combustion pressures, the greater the amount of torque.6) The dynamometer is normally used to check engine torque. Torque can be measured along with power on the dynamometer. FRICTION Friction is the resistance to motio