英语句子成分分析报告及结构.docVIP

标准文档 8 种基本句子成分： 1. 主语：表句子说的是“什么人”或“什么事” 。通常在句子前面，充当主语的 有名词、代词、不定式、动名词、从句、句子等。 e.g. The trees grow very fast. 2. 谓语：说明主语“做什么” “是什么”或“怎么样” 。通常在主语后（出疑问 和倒装外）。一般由动词来充当。 e.g. The plane takes off at 8, but this morning it may be delayed by the thick fog. 3. 宾语：表动作行为的对象，在及物动词或介词后。充当宾语的有名词、代词、 数词、副词、不定式、动名词、从句、句子等。 e.g. He takes a bath every morning. 4. 表语：与系动词连用，一起构成谓语部分，说明主语的性质和特征。长在系 动词之后。充当表语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、 分词、介词短语从句等。 e.g. He turned doctor after school, as his parents had expected. Oh, it ’s you. 5. 定语：用来修饰名词或代词。单个词长放在被修饰词前面，短语或句子在被 修饰词之后。充当定语的有数词、名词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、介词 短语、从句等。 e.g. More than twenty workers were fired. This is a stone table and hard enough to hold the load of goods. 6. 状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词，表动作发生的时间、地点、目的、方式等。 位置比较灵活。充当状语的有副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、形容词、形容词 词组和名词词组、从句等。 e.g. Tom speaks english very fast and i almost can ’t understand him. Don ’t step on ht grass, for it is growing. 7. 补足语：名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等皆可做补足语。 e.g. We all find him funny . Will you please invite all of them in ? 8. 同位语：对句中的某一成分做进一步解释、说明，与前面的名词在语法上处 于同等地位的句子成分叫同位语。 常位于呗说明的词之后。 可以作同位语的有名 词、代词、数词、和从句等。 e.g. We have two foreign students, a Canadian and an American . They each can get a chance to travel by air. 实用大全 标准文档 5 种简单基本句型： 1. 主语+谓语（不及物） （S+Vi） She came. We work. My head aches. 2. 主语+谓语（及物） +宾语 （S+Vt+O） She likes basketball. I study French. 3. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾补 （S+Vt+O+O）C She makes her mother angry. The teacher asked me to read the passage. 4. 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 （S+Vt+INO+DO） She gave John a book. She bought me a pen. 5. 主语+系动词+表语 （S+V+P） They are students. The leaves turned green. It tastes delicious. 另：There be 句型: A: there be “某地有某人某物” There are four seasons in a year. B: 运用其他动词的 There be 结构（be, seem, appear,happen,exist ） There seemed to be no one who really understand me. There lies a book on the desk. C: There be no + 主语结构，（习惯上用 V-ing 形式做主语） There is no parking around here. 附： 常见系动词有： be, become, get, turn, grow, taste, smell, feel, seem, look, appear, stand, lie, go, come, remain, keep, etc