有机无机肥配施比例对红壤稻田水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响_侯红乾.docVIP

中国农业科学 2011,44(3:516-523 Scientia Agricultura Sinica doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2011.03.011 有机无机肥配施比例对红壤稻田水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响 侯红乾1,刘秀梅1,刘光荣1,李祖章1,刘益仁1,黄永兰2 ,冀建华1,邵彩虹1,王福全1 (1江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所,南昌 330200;2江西省农业科学院水稻研究所,南昌 330200 摘要:【目的】综合评价中国南方双季稻地区化肥有机肥配合施用下水稻产量及土壤肥力效应。【方法】在江西双季稻区进行连续25年的田间定位试验,比较不施肥(CK、施用化肥(NPK、等养分条件下70%化肥配合施用30%有机肥(70F+30M、50%化肥配合施用50%有机肥(50F+50M、30%化肥配合施用70%有机肥(30F+ 70M的水稻产量和土壤肥力变化。【结果】有机无机肥配施,早晚稻平均产量比不施肥(CK增产幅度为65.4% -71.5%(P0.05,比施化肥(NPK增产幅度为3.9%-7.8%(P0.05,其中,以30F+70M处理产量最高,年产量达 12 346.90 kg·hm-2。高量有机肥配施处理与化肥处理、低量有机肥配施处理的产量差均呈逐步增加趋势。 对土壤肥力的研究表明,长期不施肥会降低土壤肥力,长期平衡单施化肥(NPK具有明显培肥地力的作用,有机无机肥配施培肥地力作用更明显。【结论】红壤稻田系统的增产和稳产性能均以有机无机肥配施最好,高量有机肥更有利于稻田持续增产,有利于红壤稻田土壤培肥。 关键词:水稻;有机无机肥配施;长期定位试验;产量;土壤肥力 Effect of Long-Term Located Organic-Inorganic Fertilizer Application on Rice Yield and Soil Fertility in Red Soil Area of China HOU Hong-qian1, LIU Xiu-mei1, LIU Guang-rong1, LI Zu-zhang1 LIU Yi-ren1, HUANG Yong-lan2, JI Jian-hua1, SHAO Cai-hong1, WANG Fu-quan1 (1Soil and Fertilizer and Resources and Environment Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Nanchang 330200; 2Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200 Abstract:【Objective】The effects of organic manure application on rice yield and soil fertility in double-rice cropping region in south China were evaluated synthetically.【Method】Successive 25-year field experiments were conducted in south Jiangxi of China. Five different treatments with mixed chemical and organic fertilizers, no fertilization (CK, N, P and K chemical fertilizers only (NPK, 70% chemical fertilizers and 30% organic manure (70F+30M, 50% chemical fertilizers and 50% organic manure (50F +50M, and 30% chemical fertilizers and 70% organic manure (30F+70M with their replications were examined.Each N, P and K application rate was the same in all the treatments (except no fertilization in CK. Crop-rice yield and soil fertility in each treatment were measured for comparison. 【Result】During the twenty