塑料的性能外文文献翻译、中英文翻译.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 2 外文资料翻译 资料来源：书籍 文章名：Chapter 2 The Properties of Plastics 书刊名：《English for Die Mould Design and Manufacturing》 作 者：刘建雄 王家惠 廖丕博 主编 出版社：北京大学出版社，2002 章 节：2.2 The Properties of Plastics 页 码：P24~P31 文 章 译 名： 塑料的性能 The?Properties?of?Plastics Plastics are organic materials made from large molecules that are constructed by a chain-like attachment of certain building-block molecules. The properties of the plastic depend heavily on the size of the molecule and on the arrangement of the atoms within the molecule. For example, polyethylene is made from the ethylene building block that is initially a gas.Through?a process?called?polymerization,?a?chain?of?ethylene?molecules?isformed?by?valence?bonding?of??the?carbon?atoms?within?the?ethylene?molecule.?The?high?molecular?weight?product?which?results?iscalled?a?polymer.?Hence,?the?designation?polyethylene?is?used?todistinguish?the?high-?molecular-weight?plastic?from?its?gaseous?counterpart,?ethylene,?which?is?the?monomer?that?becomes?polymerized.The?“poly”?refers?to?the?“many”?ethylene?building?block?molecules?or?monomers,?which?join?to?form?the?polyethylene?plastic?molecule.Frequently,?the?term?“resin”?is?used,?interchangeably?with?“polymer”?to?describe?the?backbone?molecule?of?a?plastic?material.?However,?“resin”?is?sometimes?used?to?describe?a?syrupy?liquid?ofboth?natural?and?synthetic?resin. Plastics,?in?the?finished?product?form,?are?seldom?comprised?exclusively?of?polymer?but?also?include?other?ingredients?such?as?fillers,?pigments,?stabilizers,?and?processing?aids.?However,?designation?of?the?plastic?material?or?molding?compound?is?always?takenfrom?the?polymer?designation. Broadly?speaking?plastics?may?be?divided?into?two?categories:?thermoplastics?and?thermoset?plastics.?The?classes?of?materials?areso?named?because?of?the?effect?of?temperature?on?their?properties. 2.2.1Thermosets Thermoset?plastics?are?polymers?which?are?relatively?useless?intheir?raw?states.?Upon?heating?to