《材料力学性能》英文课件part 3 Fracture.ppt

? 0.470 0.471 0.472 0.473 0.474 0.475 0.476 0.477 Y1=f(a/W) 9.70 9.73 9.76 9.79 9.82 9.85 9.88 9.91 已知：屈服强度为1640MPa， 柔度系数Y1 见下表 断口示例 Fracture progression in a finite-sized sheet Stress distribution in the front type II crack Stress distribution in front of crack (-x-a and xa) X is the distance to the crack centre In an isotropic polycrystalline copper specimen: if the nearest dislocation source to the crack tip is 1μm, the stress for dislocation unpinning is 100MPa and resistance stress for slip is 50MPa; calculate the shear yield stress of this specimen with an average grain (crystal) size of (a) 10 μm, (b) 50 μm, and (c) 100 μm. Problem Dislocation activation in the second grain occurs when : ?0 is the shear stress to initiate slip when grain boundaries offer no resistance and Ks is a coefficient which characterizes stress concentration at the tip of a slip band Hall-Petch formula Values of Ky for several materials 70, 78.3, 113.2 DESIGN USING FRACTURE MECHANICS Y is a dimensionless parameter or function that depends on both crack and specimen sizes and geometries, as well as the manner of load application. Relative to this Y parameter, for planar specimens containing cracks that are much shorter than the specimen width, Y has a value of approximately unity. For example, for a plate of infinite width having a through-thickness crack, Y= 1.0; whereas for a plate of semi-infinite width containing an edge crack of length a, Y = 1.1. Problem: Some aircraft component is fabricated from an aluminum alloy that has a plane strain fracture toughness of 35MPam1/2. It has been determined that fracture results at a stress of 250MPa when the maximum ( or critical ) internal crack length is 2 mm. For this same component and alloy, will fracture occur at a stress level of 325MPa when the maximum internal crack length is 1 mm? Why or why not? Fracture toughness tests Two types of specimens Bending tests Off-centre tension tests ASTM E399-74T BS74