论孔子“君子不器”思想.pdfVIP

华东师范大学硕士学位论文 摘要 从古至今有大量学者对孔子的“君子不器”思想进行过研究，古代学者对“不 器”的理解多集中在多能和“德”的方面，近现代学者开始以“道”解“不器”， 并逐渐从人的价值这个方面理解“君子不器”。本文首先对古今中外关于“君子 不器”的研究成果进行了梳理，在这个基础上从“器”的特点出发，对“君子不 器”的内涵进行了多向度阐发。本文概括出了“君子不器”的核心内涵，即包含 着有限的“无局限”。要特别说明的是，这里的“无局限”不是有限的对立面。 笔者不是对有限与无限进行了二元对立的理解，而是将有限、有限的对立面和无 局限做了三分的理解。 沿着这个思路，本文对“不器”进行了三重境界的区分。与三重境界相对应， 本文对“君子不器”的修养方法进行了阐发，主要体现在对闻见之知的学、对道 与德的追求、对成己成物也即内圣外王目标的实现。“君子不器”不仅是孔子的 “君子不器”，在现代仍然有着非常丰富的价值。现代人何以在“器”化中寻求 突破，如何在无法完全摆脱的“器”化和作为理想的“不器”之间实现一种和解， “君子不器”可以提供一条思路。这个思路的核心在于，现代的“君子”有平民 的一面，可以有“器”的方面，同时不能被“器”所限。 关键词：孔子，君子不器，无局限，内圣外王 I 华东师范大学硕士学位论文 ABSTRACT Since ancient times, there have been a large number of scholars who have studied Confucius thought of The accomplished scholar is not a utensil. Most ancient scholars understood this sentence from versatility and morality. Modern scholars begin to understand this sentence with Tao, and gradually pay attention to the aspect of human value. First of all, this thesis reviews the previous research results of this thought. On this basis, from the characteristics of a utensil, this thesis makes a multiple understanding of this sentence. This thesis summarizes the core connotation of this thought. In my opinion, the core connotation is that the gentleman is without limitation. It should be noted that it doesnt mean the opposite of limitation. In my opinion, the limit and the limitless are not binary opposites. This thesis makes a three-point understanding of the limit, the opposite of limit and the limitless. According to this idea, this thesis distinguishes the threefold states of the thought of The accomplished scholar is not a utensil. Corresponding to the threefold st