材料导论 (38)材料导论材料导论.pdf

Video 8: Thermoplastics and Thermosets Today, we will talk about thermoplastics and thermosets. Thermoplastics, also called thermoplastic polymers. Here, thermo- means heat, plastic means moldable, or workable. As the name suggests, under the action of heat and pressure, thermoplastics become soft gradually and finally flow like liquid. Upon cooling, the polymers become hard and take or adopt the shape of the mold, form a shape like that of the mold or container. Usually, Thermoplastics can withstand several of these heating and cooling cycles without suffering any structural breakdown. The shape of a product can be changed, that is, the product can be remolded. This behavior is similar to that of candle wax. Because of this property, we can easily recycle or reuse the waste or discarded plastic bags or bottles. Usually, thermoplastics are formed by addition polymerization. Examples of common thermoplastic polymers include polyethylene, polystyrene, and nylon. 今天讲热塑性和热固性聚合物。 thermos-意思是“热” ， plastic 指可塑的，可模塑的，易加工的。 顾名思义，加热、加压时，热塑性聚合物会逐渐变软，最后变成流动的液体。冷 却时，聚合物变硬，其形状与模具或容器的形状相同。通常，热塑性聚合物可经 受多次加热和冷却而没有结构性破坏，产品形状可变，即产品可再次模塑，这种 行为和蜡烛的蜡类似，正是由于这种性能，可很容易地回收或重复利用废弃料袋 或瓶。热塑性聚合物可通过加成聚合制备。 常用的热塑性聚合物包括聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯和尼龙等。 They are all linear polymers, or linear polymers having some branched structures with flexible chains. There is no covalent bonding, only weak attractive forces, or secondary bonding forces between polymer chains. As the temperature is raised, the secondary bonding forces are reduced, or diminished by increased molecular motion. The relative movement of adjacent or neighboring chains is facilitated or enhanced when a load or a stress is applied. When the temperature is cold-down, the weak forces reform in new shape of products. 热塑性聚合物为线性聚合物，或有少量支化结构、链较柔顺的线性聚合物，分子 链间没有共价键，只有弱相互作用。有缘学习更多驾卫星ygd3076 温度升高，分子链间弱相互作用降低，分子链移动性增加。 施加应力，有利于相邻或邻近分子链间的相对运动。 温度降低，分子链间弱相互作用恢复，形成新的产品形状。 Thermosets, also calle