材料导论 (37)材料导论.pdf

Video 7: Glass Transition Today, I’ll introduce the concept of glass transition and glass transition temperature. 今天，介绍玻璃化转变和玻璃化转变温度。 First, let’s see the Figure. It shows how the specific volume changes when an amorphous and a crystalline polymer is cooled down from a liquid state. As the curve A indicated, when a liquid of amorphous polymer is cooled down, its volume gradually shrinks or reduces at a constant rate. The polymer changes from its liquid state into a viscous liquid with some elastic response, and then into a rubbery state. Its viscosity increases with decreasing temperature. On further cooling, the polymer finally changes into a glassy state, a rigid solid. 首先，来看这张图，该图显示无定形和结晶聚合物从液态冷却下来时其比体积的 变化： 如曲线 A 显示：冷却液态无定形聚合物时，聚合物体积以一恒定速率逐渐收缩 或减小。聚合物从液态转变成具有一定弹性响应的粘流液体，然后转变成橡胶态， 粘度随温度降低而逐渐提高。 继续冷却，聚合物最终转变成玻璃态、坚硬固体。 From this curve, we can see, in the cooling process, there is a sudden, abrupt change in volume reduction. There is a change in the slope of this curve from a higher to a lower volume coefficient of expansion. That is, the volume shrink rate, the slope decreases suddenly to a lower constant level. At this point, the polymer changes from a soft, rubbery state into a hard, brittle, rigid, glassy solid state. We call this change “Glass Transition” and call the corresponding temperature “Glass Transition Temperature”. When the rigid solid at a temperature below Tg is heated, the transition occurs in a reverse order, that is, the rigid, glassy solid changes into flexible rubbery material. 从上述曲线上，可以看到：冷却过程中，聚合物体积收缩有一突变，曲线斜率， 即体积收缩率，突然转变到一较低水平，或体积膨胀系数从一较高值转变成一较 低值。有缘学习更多驾卫星ygd3076 在此转变点处，聚合物从一柔软、橡胶态转变成硬、脆、坚固的玻璃态，这种转 变称为“玻璃化转变” ，相应的温度称为“玻璃化转变温度” 。 温度低于Tg 时，加热坚硬固体，可发生逆转变，即，硬的玻璃态固体转变成柔 韧的橡胶材料。 For a crystalline polymer, the curve B, upon cooling, it changes from a liquid into viscous state, forming r