材料导论 (32)材料导论.pdf

Video 2: How large is a polymer ? Now, we have known that polymer is a large molecule composed of many, many repeating units. Then, can we exactly know how many repeating units are contained in a polymer chain? Simply, we can count the number of repeating units linked together in a polymer chain. This number is called, known as the degree of polymerization (DP). DP indicates the length or size of a polymer molecule. 我们已知道聚合物是由许多重复单元组成的大分子。 我们能否准确知道聚合物分子链中有多少重复单元呢？ 简单地说，我们可以计算聚合物链中重复单元的数目，重复单元的数目称为聚合 度. 聚合度表示聚合物分子链的长度，即聚合物分子的大小。 Another way of quantifying the molecular length or size of a polymer is the use of the term molecular weight (Mw). Molecular weight is the result, product of degree of polymerization times molecular weight of a repeating unit . (product -乘积) For example, for PVC, Mw of Repeat Unit) is 62 (212+31+135). If we consider a commercial grade PVC, deal with a DP of 1000. Consequently, the molecular weight of this type of PVC is 62,000. 另一种计算聚合物分子大小、分子链长度的方法是计算分子量。 分子量 聚合度x 重复单元的分子量 例如：PVC,重复单元的分子量为62, 商品PVC 的聚合物通常为1000， 那么， 该PVC 的分子量为62.0000. So far, we have been discussing a single polymer molecule. However, for a given polymer sample (like a piece of PE film), it is composed of millions of polymer molecules. Do all polymer chains grow to the same length? In fact, during the formation of polymer chains, their length is determined by purely random events. That is, their length is not uniform. There is a considerable variation in length. Some chains are long, while some are short. Chains having different lengths are mixed in a polymer sample. Then, how to determine the Mw of a polymer sample? We can get an average value of molecular weight by experimental measurements. 到目前为止，我们讨论的都是单个分子链。 实际上，一个聚合物样品，如PE 膜，是由成千上万的聚合物分子组成的。那么， 所有分子链的长度一样吗？事实上，聚合物链形成过程中，其长度是随机分布的。 有些链长，有些链短，一个聚合物样品中包含不同长度的链。 那么，如何确定聚合物样品的分子量呢？ 可以由实验测定聚合物的平均分子量。 Most commonly, two averag