材料导论 (33)材料导论.pdf

Video 3: How is a polymer formed ? Today, I will introduce how a polymer is formed, how the small units, monomers are linked together into long chains. The process of linking small units, monomers together, producing a polymer, is called polymerization. Based on the mechanism involved in forming polymers, polymerization processes are classified as chain-reaction (addition) and step-reaction (condensation) polymerization. Today, I will introduce the features of these polymerizations and typical types of polymers produced by the polymerizations. 聚合物是如何形成的？小分子单元结构是如何连接、形成长链的？ 单体、小分子单元连接形成聚合物的过程称为聚合。 根据聚合物形成过程所涉及的机理，聚合可分为链式反应（也称为加成聚合）和 逐步反应（也称为缩合聚合） 今天，将介绍上述聚合反应的特点，以及所得典型聚合物。 In chain-reaction, chain growth or addition polymerization, generally, unsaturated monomers usually with carbon-carbon double bonds are employed. 4 fundamental reactions are involved in: that is, initiation, propagation, transfer and termination. 链式反应、链增长或加成聚合中，通常使用含有C-C 双键的不饱和单体。 加成聚合涉及4 个基本反应：引发、增长、链转移和终止。 The initiation occurs in two successive steps: st In the 1 step, an initiator is decomposed under thermal conditions, UV light irradiation, or other stimulus, producing initiator radicals. In the 2ed step, the initiator radical is added to the double bond of a vinyl monomer, generating a primary radical, an active center. Then, this active radical is added to another monomer, regenerating another free radical, called active growing radical. Thus, more monomers, usually thousands of monomers are consumed successively, and the polymer chain propagates, grows rapidly. The free radical, active center is continuously relocated, repositioned at the end of the growing polymer chain. This propagation continues, until the growing radical is deactivated by termination or chain transfer reactions. 引发包含两步骤： 第一步：在热、UV 光照或其他条件下，引发剂分解、产生引发剂自由基； 第二步：引发剂自由基向烯类单体的双键加成，产生初级自由基，即活性中心； 然后，该活性自由基向另一单体加成，产生另一自由基-活性增长自由基； 越来