孟子与墨子介绍英语精选文档.pptVIP

1 孟子 与 墨子 2 Hundred School of thoughts The”hundred school of thoughts” were philosophers and schools that had flourished from 770 BC,an era of great cultural and intellectual expansion in China.Even though this period, known in its earlier part as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring State Period in its latter part, was wrought chao and bloody battles ,it is also known as the Golden Age of Chinese philosophy because various thoughts and called the Contention of a Hundred School of Thought. 3 百家思想 百家思想是指活跃在公元前 770 年至 221 年的哲 人和学派。是一个在中国有着很好的文化与智慧的 年代。甚至经历在这样的时期，众所周知在这一时 期较早的春秋时代和较晚的战国时期造成了混乱和 血腥的战争，同样也是因为多样的思想和被称为 “百家争鸣”而知名的中国哲学的黄金时期。 4 Mencius and His philosophy 孟子和他的哲学思想 5 Mencius and His Philosophy Mencius(327-289 BC) is regarded as the second sage in the Confucia school .Mencius inherited and developed Confucianism and carried it to a new height. His philosophy,together with Confucius,is know as “the philosophies of Kong Zi and Meng zi” ( 孔孟之道 ) in the history of Chinese culture. 孟子（公元前 372-289 年）被认为是继孔子之后第二 个圣人，孟子继承和发展了孔子学说并带领它达到新的高 度。孟子和孔子的思想在中国历史中被称为“孔孟之道”。 6 Mencius and His Philosophy Mencius believed that all men are born virtuous. Every person can be as sage( 圣人 ). They have the inclination toward goodness, just as natural as the inclination of water to flow downward. All the social corruptions and perversions are due to the distortion of human nature and the falling away of mans character from its original goodness. 孟子认为人性本善，每个人都是圣人。他们向善，就 像大自然中的水会向下流。所有社会中的腐败和变坏是由 于人性的扭曲和远离人性中原始的善良。 7 Mencius and His Philosophy It is the neglect and abuse of innate goodness that leads men into evil dongs. Once the individual has recovered his original goodness and the state returned to the purity and order of ancient times ,all the individual and in society will vanish. This is the core of Mencius doctrine , the orthodoxy of the Confucian school. 忽略和滥用“性本善”会导致人们陷入邪恶之洞。一旦 个人恢复他原始的善良，国家回到纯洁而有秩序的与以 往的时代。那么个人和社会的罪恶将会消失。这是孟子 学说的中心，孔子学派的正统。 8 Mencius an