国际贸易论文：国际贸易视角下制度质量对出口的影响：来自巴基斯坦的经验证据.docxVIP

国际贸易论文：国际贸易视角下制度质量对出口的影响：来自巴基斯坦的经验证据 多数研究者的观点。以出口为因变量，制度质量（IQ）、汇率（ER）、人力资本（HC）、国内生产总值（GDP）和外国直接投资（FDI）为自变量，这些变量被用来了解制度质量对一国出口绩效的影响。研究表明，制度质量对一国的出口绩效有着巨大的影响，制度对一国的出口绩效起着推动作用，制度强则出口绩效正，制度弱则出口表现将是负面的。Chapter1: Introduction1.1 Background“Exports” are driving force for any countryrsquo;s economy but it does not work alone, there is an another force as well which directs it to work and that is known as “institutions” without institutions exports are just as the car without tyres, so in this example institutions are playing role of tyres and export is the car, where it shows the direct relation between both of them. There are lot of evidence present which shows the direct relation between them and is said that countries who are having better institutions gives more trade to the country (Kraay, 2003).Those countries who are having weak institutions are very low in exports but those countries which are having strong institutions or good institutional environment are tend to have more bilateral trade, institutional quality is considered as very important source which can give a country long run benefits by trade according to many empirical results.Basically these institutions provide grounds for smooth execution of trade, so it depends on the institutions if they are strong they will provide the needed ground and if they are weak so they are not able to provide the needed ground and which affects the export performance of the country.Those countries who are having weak institutions are very low in exports but those countries which are having strong institutions or good institutional environment are tend to have more bilateral trade, institutional quality is considered as very important source which can give a country long run benefits by trade according to many empirical results.Basically these institutions provide grounds for smooth execution of trad