细胞生物学英文课件：mitochondrial.pptVIP

Mitochondria and apoptosis Mitochondria and diseases The mitochondria changes in pathology: swelling The number of cristae reduced. Mitochondria fussion. Patterns of mitochondria disease Diseases of the mitochondria cause damage to the brain, heart, liver, skeletal muscles, kidney and the endocrine. The most common patterns of disease are : ① Muscle weakness particularly affecting the extraocular muscles which control eye movement. ② Degenerative disease of the central nervous system. ③ Metabolic disorders usually manifesting as abnormally high levels of lactic acid. diseases caused by mtDNA mutation Leber hereditary optic neuropathy（Lerbe氏遗传性视神经病）母系遗传病 Parkinson’s diseases 德国眼科医生Leber LHON的致病性突变会影响线粒体氧化磷酸化作用和产生ATP的能力，最主要的受累对象是那些依赖氧化磷酸化的组织。 4、Transportation of Proteins synthesized by chromosomal DNA 线粒体蛋白有两个来源：一是外源性的；二是内源性的，只占全部蛋白质的10%左右。 （1）proteins transport to matrix of mitochondria 布朗棘轮模型 （2）proteins transport to inter membrane space of mitochondria （3）proteins traffic to outer and inter membrane of mitochondria 五、The origin of mitochondria 五、The division and fusion of mitochondria 二、Cell respiration and energy conversion Mitochondria often termed “the powerhouse” of the cell is the place of cellular aerobic respiration. Cell respiration（细胞呼吸）-an integral part of cell metabolism also called ”cell oxidation”. It involves getting O2 from atmosphere, breaking down the complex substances by enzyme and liberating energy along with CO2 and water. Glycolysis （糖酵解） Citric Acid Cycle( Krebs cycle, TAC cycle) Electron transport system and oxidative phosphorylation 过程： 1、NADH或FADH2提供电子，经电子传递链，交给O2。 2、电子传递链同时起H+ 泵的作用，将H+泵入膜间腔。 3、线粒体内膜对 H+和OH-具有不可透性，形成质子浓度差。 4、H+顺浓度通过ATP酶复合体合成ATP。 《Medical Cell Biology》 Chapter 6 Mitochondria and energy conversion The basic structure of mitochondria Cell respiration and energy conversion Mitochondria and diseases The sun is the ultimate source