机械原理动平衡.ppt

第六章 机械的平衡 Chapter 6. Balancing of Machinery 1. Purposes § 6-1 Introduction Dynamic press in kinematic pair Friction and inner stress in link efficiency and life- span Inertia force (torque) Compelled oscillation The purpose of mechanical balancing is to clear up or decrease the bad effect by balancing the component s unbalanced inertia. ? The balance of component rotating about a fixed axis Rotor( 转子 ): Parts constrained to rotate about a fixed axis. 2. Contents (1)Balancing of rigid rotor 刚性转子的平衡 static balancing ( 静平衡 ) dynamic balancing ( 动平衡 ) (2)Balancing of flexible rotor 绕性转子的平衡 ? Balancing of mechanisms rigid rotor flexible rotor mechanism (avi) 1. Phenomena of static imbalance § 6-2 Calculation for static balancing of a rigid rotor If mass center of rotor doesn t coincide with the axis of rotation, their eccentric mass will lead to centrifugal inertia force ( 离心力 ) when rotating, and causes an additional dynamic press ( 附加 动压力 )in the linkage. 2. Geometric condition B / D ≤ 1 / 5 B D m 3 m 1 m 2 m 3 m 1 m 2 3. Theory of static balancing F 1 F 2 F 3 m 1 m 2 m 3 r 2 r 1 r 3 centrifugal forces( 离心力） of the unbalanced masses （偏心质量）： F 1 = m 1 r 1 w 2 F 2 = m 2 r 2 w 2 F 3 = m 3 r 3 w 2 If , F 1 + F 2 + F 3 ≠ 0 F P m P Then , imbalance F 1 F 2 F 3 m 1 m 2 m 3 r 2 r 1 r 3 F 1 + F 2 + F 3 + F P = 0 F P m P Some counterweight 质量点 (m p ) can be added to the rotor to balance its centrifugal force . To balance: F p = m p r p w 2 m 1 r 1 w 2 + m 2 r 2 w 2 + m 3 r 3 w 2 + m P r P w 2 = 0 m 1 r 1 + m 2 r 2 + m 3 r 3 + m P r P =0 m i r i ----mass-radius product ( 质径积 ) Conclusion ： Requirement for static balance: ∑m 1 r 1 =0 Add Remove Conclusion :A balance can be achieved by adding or removing a balance mass in the s