生理学教学课件：09-pulmonary ventilation-1.pptVIP

Pulmonary Ventilation (Minute Ventilation) Definition: Total amount of air moved into or out of respiratory system per minute = TV×Respiratory Frequency = 500×(12~18) = 6~9L Anatomic Dead Space Alveolar Dead Space Pulmonary Ventilation (Minute Ventilation) = TV×Respiratory Frequency = 500×(12~18) = 6~9L Alveolar: gas exchange Dead space Physiological Dead Space= Anatomical Dead Space + Alveolar Dead Space Physiological Dead Space Diseased lungs: Healthy Lungs: Physiological Dead Space = Anatomical Dead Space = Airways (constant)=150ml VA VD BlockedVessel VD VA Definition: How much air per minute enters the parts of the respiratory system in which gas exchange takes place = (TV-dead space gas volume) x Respiratory Frequency = (500-150) x 12 = 350ml x 12 = 4200ml Percentage of air exchange in alveolus = 350ml ÷ 2500ml (FRC) = 14% Alveolar Ventilation Definition: Maximum volume that can be inspired or expired forcefully per minute (3000ml,Vital Capacity x 40~50,Respiratory Frequency, 150L/min, = 25 times pulmonary ventilation) Most person can not sustain for longer than 1 minute Maximal Voluntary Ventilation Percentage of Ventilation Reservation (93%) = (Maximal Voluntary Ventilation -Pulmonary Ventilation) / Maximal Voluntary Ventilation x 100% Pathological Phenomena Happened in Pulmonary Ventilation Restrictive Hypoventilation Obstructive Hypovenlitation Restrictive Hypoventilation Decrease in the power or increase in the resistance of pulmonary ventilation 肺泡扩张的动力不足 肺泡扩张的阻力增加 肺泡扩张受限 1：限制性通气不足（Restrictive hypoventilation） 肺通气动力不足或阻力增加，肺扩张受限 呼吸肌活动障碍 肺顺应性降低 胸廓顺应性降低 Lung distensibility compliance reduced Pulmonary Fibrosis（肺纤维化）, Pulmonary edema（肺水肿） Chest cavity compliance reduced Pneumothorax（气胸）, Pleural effusion（胸腔积液） Respiratory muscles movement disorder 脑部损伤 麻醉剂 安 眠 药 Normal Lung Volume Lung Volume in Restrictive Disease Effective surface area ava