超声彩色多普勒colordoppler英文教学PPT课件.ppt

Anatomy of a Color Flow Image The result is an image with colors representing the average velocities. General direction of ultrasound beam This area is red, so flow is away the beam, right to left This area is blue, so flow is generally towards from the beam, left to right RABT Doppler Principles Color Principles The Differences In Grayscale, strong echo reflections cause pixels to be displayed. In Color and Doppler, changes in frequency cause pixels to be colored. A Doppler Processor The Doppler processor puts a dot on the “spectrum” based on the velocity of a moving object. Doppler Processor When there are objects moving at different speeds, the Doppler processor displays a dot for each object. Doppler Processor The vertical position represents the object’s velocity. Doppler Processor When several objects move at the same velocity, the corresponding dot on the spectrum is brighter. Doppler Processor Doppler Information Velocity Turbulence Intensity There are 3 key pieces of information in a Doppler signal In general, flow toward the transducer will be above the baseline, and flow away from the transducer will be below the baseline. Pop Quiz 1. Describe 3 key differences between the two Doppler Waveforms below. 2. Match the waveform with the sample volume position. A B 2 1 The Angle Problem If the flow isn’t parallel to the ultrasound beam, the ultrasound system only see’s a portion of the velocity. Actual Velocity Apparent Velocity The Angle Problem The transducer only “sees” a portion of the total velocity. The Angle Problem On the other side, the apparent direction appears to be opposite, even though the flow direction is the same! The Angle Problem And in the center... there is NO apparent flow. Doppler processors cannot see flow perpendicular to the ultrasound beam. The Doppler Equation Don’t memorize this. But remember a couple of rules of thumb: WHAT SO WHAT The apparent velocity is You won’t get much flow whendependent on the angle (