* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Slide #58: The Art of ART: Risk/Benefit Ratio of Antiretroviral Therapy The use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV infection has led to substantial reductions in morbidity and mortality, and many regimens, such as those combining three or more drugs, result in near-complete suppression of HIV replication. Prolonged use of ART to achieve such benefits has increased our awareness of short- and long-term toxicities that may impact overall health and quality of life beyond that seen with HIV disease. Research continues to refine and develop management approaches that minimize and resolve many toxicities so that long-term benefits with ART can be achieved with uninterrupted therapy. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 3. Protease inhibitor 能通过抑制蛋白酶即阻断HIV复制和成熟过程中所必须的蛋白质合成,从而抑制HIV的复制。 Treatment Protease inhibitor 品 名 商品名 剂量 印地那韦(Indinavie) 佳息患 2400mg/d 洛匹那韦/利托那伟 克力芝 (Lopinavir/ritonavir) 沙奎那维(Saquinavir) Fortovas(软胶囊) Invirase(硬胶囊) 利多那韦(Ritonavir) 200mg/d 奈非那韦 (Nelfinavi) 2250mg/d 阿匹那韦(Amprenavir) Treatment “鸡尾酒”疗法Cocktail therapy 1996年,华裔美籍科学家何大一提出的高效抗逆转录病毒疗法,是人类治疗AIDS研究进程中一个里程碑。这一被人们通俗地称为“鸡尾酒”疗法的AIDS联合疗法,显现了强大的抗病毒作用。采用该疗法,AIDS患者血液中的病毒载量迅速下降,CD4细胞迅速增加。然而该疗法不能从感染者体内彻底清除HIV,治愈AIDS。而且价格昂贵,用药有不良反应,停药后病毒载量会反弹。 Treatment HAART 鉴于仅用一种抗病毒药物易诱发HIV的突变,并产生耐药性,因而目前主张联合用药。常用三联或四联,这样的联合称为高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(highly active antiretroviral therapy,HAART) 推荐方案:2种核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂 + 1种非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂(或蛋白酶抑制剂) Treatment Period of treatment HIV-RNA达到检测水平以下后,继而用二种药物,持续终生治疗,以抑制HIV从潜伏感染的细胞中复制和维持症状的持续缓解 Treatment 抗病毒治疗的时机 (2004.10.29NIH的guideline) ①无症状HIV感染者: CD4+T细胞<0.2×109/L应开始治疗; (0.21-0.35)×109/L应考虑开始抗HIV; CD4+T细胞>0.35×109/L,但HIV-RNA>100000拷贝/ml应开始治疗 ② 有AIDS症状患者 Treatment 成人及 青少年 AZT 300mg+3TC 150
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