PPT-病毒学virology的课件.pptxVIP

病.毒学 virology3000BC,埃及孟非思壁画 中长老患小儿 麻痹症。病毒virus■微小，可通过除菌滤器，电子显微镜下观察:结构简单，无完整的细胞结构病毒引起疾病的特点传播性病死率 持续感染 .肿瘤的形成关系第23章病毒的基本性状第一节病毒的大小与形态(Size and Shape )病毒体（virion）完整的成熟病毒颗粒，具有典型的形态结构，并有感染性。测車单位为纳米（nm,1/1000卩m）小型病毒(HAV)50 nm50 nm -150 nm 中等病毒(influenza virus)大型病毒（最大300 nm）150nmVV VV VV -kJ v/kyl I I . —I I I大肠杆菌噬菌体(65 X 95nm )B、腺病毒(70nm )C、脊髓灰质炎病昌(30nm )D、乙脑病毒(40nm )E、蛋白分子(10nm )流感病毒(lOOnm)F、G、烟草花叶病毒病毒的结构和组成Viral core （病毒的核心）?The viral nucleic acid genome,In the center of the virion,Function: Control the viral heredity and variation, responsible for the infectivity?The genome of a virus can be either DNA or RNAViral Capsid（病毒的衣壳）?The protein shell, or coat, that encloses the nucleic acid genome.?Functions:a. Protect the viral nucleic acid.b. Participate in the viral infection.c. Share the antigenicityNucleocapsid （核 衣壳）The core of a virus particle consisting of the genome plus the capsid核衣壳的对称形式Symmetry of Nucleocapsid?螺旋对称型(Helical Symmetry)?二十面体立体对称型(Icosahedral? Symmetry)?复合对称型(Complex Symmetry )NACapsomere（壳粒）卜五邻体六邻体Envelope（包膜）?厶 lipid-containing membrane that surrounds some viral particles.,It is acquired during viral maturation by a budding process through a cellular membrane,?Not all viruses have the envelope, and viruses can be divided into 2 kinds: enveloped virus and naked virusPeplomere （包膜子粒） spike （刺突）Cross SectionalRNAEnvel ope （Mernbidiie bilayer）Matrix Prolei nRibonucleoproteinFunctions of envelopeA. ?Antigenicity■ some viruses possess neuraminidaseB. dnfectivityC. ?Resistance?核心：核酸一基因组genome 一决定病毒遗传、变异和复制?壳粒capsomere 一衣壳capsid 一保护、介导、原性?包膜envelope,包膜子粒peplomere （刺突spike） 一保护、介导、抗原性病毒体结构模式图CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OFVIRUSES （病毒的化学组成）? Viral Protein■ ? Viral Nucleic Acid■ ?Viral Lipids. ?Viral carbohydrate9 Viral Nucleic AcidiNA-double stranded (ds): linear or circular Single stranded (ss): linear or circular!NA-ss:segmented or non-segmented ss:polarity+(sense) or polarity -(nonsense)ds: linear (only reovirusfamily)Transfection:Infecti