2.第二章 中国的对外交流.pptxVIP

第二章 中国的对外交流 External Communication of China;01.; “丝绸之路”一词的首创者是德国旅行家和地理学家费迪南 · 冯 · 李希霍芬 男爵。实际上，冯 · 李希霍芬在 1877 年的一次讲座上，以及他的多卷本历史地 理学著作《中国》（1877）中，同时使用了这个词的单数（Seidenstrasse）和复数 （Seidenstrassen）形式。他用这个词指代中国的丝绸离开汉朝（公元前 206—公元 220 年）抵达中亚的多条路线。 It was a German traveler and geographer, Ferdinand von Richthofen, who coined the term “the Silk Road”. Actually, von Richthofen used the term in both singular (Seidenstrasse) and plural (Seidenstrassen) in a lecture in 1877 and in his multivolume historical geography work China (1877). For him the term referred to the routes along which Chinese silk moved from the Han Empire (206 B.C.-220 B.C.) to Central Asia.;自从张骞通西域以来，中国和中亚及欧洲的商业往来迅速增加。通过这条贯穿亚欧的大道——丝绸之路，中国的丝、绸、绫、缎、绢等丝织品源源不断地输向中亚和欧洲。 Since Zhang Qian traveled to the Western Regions, the business communication between China, Central Asia and Europe has increased rapidly. Through the Silk Road which is the main road throughout Asia and Europe, Chinas silk, silk fabric, thin silk, satin, tough silk and other silk products are exported to Central Asia and Europe.; 丝绸之路，概括的讲，是自古以来，从东亚开始，经中亚、西亚进而联结欧洲及北非的这条东西方交通路线的总称。丝绸之路在世界史上有重大的意义。它是欧亚大陆的交通动脉，是中国、印度、希腊三种主要文化交汇桥梁。 Generally speaking, the Silk Road is the general name of the East-West transportation route that starts from East Asia and connects Europe and North Africa through Central Asia and West Asia since ancient times.The Silk Road is of great significance in world history. It is the transport artery of Eurasia and the intersection bridge of China, India and Greece.;张骞 Zhang Qian 张骞（公元前164年―公元前114年），中国汉代杰出的外交家、旅行家、探险家，丝绸之路的开拓者。西汉建元二年（公元前139年），奉汉武帝之命，张骞率领一百多人出使西域，打通了汉朝通往西域的南北道路，即赫赫??名的丝绸之路。 Zhang Qian (164-114 BC), an outstanding diplomat, traveler and explorer in the Han Dynasty, was a pioneer of the Silk Road. In the second year of Jianyuan (139 BC) in the Western Han Dynasty, under the order of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian led more than 100 people to the western regions and opened the South-North r