不定式讲与练.docxVIP

动词不定用 动词不定式形式: 一M式 完成式 进行式 完成进行式 主动 to build to have built to be building to have been building 被动 to be build to have been build 动词不定式的主要用法: 一、作主语 L不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种: (1)把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. It+be+名词+ to doIt takes sb+some time+to doIt+be+ It+be+名词+ to do It takes sb+some time+to do It+be+形容词+ for sb+to do It+be+形容词+ of sb+to do It seems(appears)+ 形容词 + to do 、作宾语 It s our duty to take good care of the old. How long did it take you to finish the work? It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin. It is stupid of you to write down everything. It seemed impossible to save money. .不定式作宾语 ① 以下动词后，只能跟不定式作宾语。如: agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail ,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer, plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish 等 如： I decided to ask for my money back. ②当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时， 先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后。 主语+动 词+ it +补语+ to do句式。如： We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well. He feels it his duty to help the poor. ③在介词but,except,besides+to do(do)中,如介词前有动词 do的某种形式，后面应接不带 to的不定式；如无do,则接带to不定式。如： The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in. On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV. ④部分动词后面，既可接动词不定式，也可接动名词作宾语，意义不变。如： begin,continue,start, hate,like,love,need,require,want 等。在 need,require,want 后接-ing 形式，表 示被动意义，也可接不定式，但要用被动形式，如： Your handwriting needs improving /to be improved. ⑤部分动词后接不定式或动名词时，意义差别较大，应根据句子语境选择使用。 A、forget,remember,regret后接不定式，表示未来的动作， 接动名词表示动作已经发生。 如: B、mean to do打算做某事 mean doing意味着 C、try to do设法尽力做某事 try doing尝试着做某事 D、stop to do停下一件事去做另一件事 stop doing停止做某事 E、can t help doin谈不住 can t help to d不能帮助干 F、go on to do继续做不同的事 go on doing继续不停地做同一事情 三、作表语 不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作； （动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。 ） To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter. What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. 四、作定语 L不定式作定语 ，不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如： The next train to arrive is from Washin