英语中的虚拟语气用法讲解教学提纲.pptVIP

The subjunctive mood 虚拟语气 第一页，共18页。 语气(yǔqì) 英语的动词一般可带有三种不同(bù tónɡ)的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同(bù tónɡ)的语气用动词的不同(bù tónɡ)形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。 第二页，共18页。 虚拟语气 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说(suǒ shuō)的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。 虚拟语气的概念(gàiniàn) 第三页，共18页。 　一、虚拟语气在条件句中 　　虚拟条件句 　　　主句 与现在事实相反的假设 与过去相反的假设 与将来相反的假设 If+主语+动词(dòngcí)的过去式 （动词(dòngcí)be用were) 主语+should,would, might,could＋动词(dòngcí) 原形 If+主语(zhǔyǔ)+had +过去分词 主语＋should, would, might, could ＋have done 1、If+主语+动词过去式 2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 3、If+主语+should +动词原形 主语＋should, would might, could＋动词 原形 第四页，共18页。 eg:If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train. If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America. 如果(rúguǒ)我是你，我就会努力学习． 如果我知道(zhī dào)他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了． 如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消(qǔxiāo)比赛． If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons. If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him. If it should \were to rain, we would call off the match. More practice: 第五页，共18页。 使用(shǐyòng)虚拟条件句要注意的几点： １．　当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句“，动词(dòngcí)的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整． If you had followed my advice , you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. 如果你听我的建议(jiànyì)，你现在就会痊愈了． 如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了． 第六页，共18页。 ２．省略(shěnglüè)句 在条件句中，可省略(shěnglüè) if，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒装句式． If I were at school again, I would study harder. Were I at school again, I would study harder. If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Had you come earlier, you would have met him. If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 第七页，共18页。 二、虚拟语气在名词(míng cí)从句中的运用 （1）用于宾语(bīnyǔ)从句 １、wish 后面的宾语从句中。 一般用虚拟语气，表示一种(yī zhǒnɡ)不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为： 表现在　过去时 表过去　过去完成时 表将来　would, might, could＋动词原形 I wish (that) I were a bird. I wish (that) I had seen the film last night. I wish (that) I would\could