西溪湿地的景观空间格局及景观生态优化设计.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 28 西溪湿地的景观空间格局及景观生态优化设计 摘要：经济的高速发展和湿地生态价值的深入发掘，人们开始更多的关注于湿地的景观空间格局、生态优化和工程保护。本文以西溪湿地及周边的湿地群为研究区域，利用ENVI、ArcGIS等软件对1990-2010年4期的遥感影像进行影像解译，得到20年中区域内的土地利用类型的变化状况，并结合Fragstas3.3软件对其进行景观优势度、均匀度等指数的计算，针对其不足之处提出优化设计方案。 研究表明农用地和湿地在1990-2010年期间减少了709hm2和639hm2，大量减少的土地转化为了建设用地，1990年初农用地和湿地的主导优势不断减弱。建设用地一直呈现出增长的态势，但在2006年之后放缓了其增长态势。而景观格局方面，景观分维度指数和斑块密度分别上升了0.23和5.1，表明在该阶段各类型斑块形状复杂且斑块数量众多，香农多样性、均匀度指数和蔓延度等指数的增减变化也表明了该研究区域整体的连接性减弱，破碎化程度加重。虽然破碎化指数在2006年达到最大值，但在2010年经过人为工程的保护，其破碎化程度得到一定的好转。针对于现有的景观格局，我们提出建设生态廊道，增强景观格局中的斑块联系度，减缓斑块的破碎化程度；划定湿地的保育区，加强斑块之间的均匀性和延展性；开辟景观功能区聚齐大量的人为活动，减弱外部人为因素所造成的干扰，进而实现整体景观格局的优化。 关键词：土地利用类型景观格局指数生态优化设计空间格局 The landscape pattern of Xixi wetland and the design optimiazation of landscape ecology Abstract: Rapid economy development and wetland’s ecological value to explore in depth, people began to pay more attention the wetland of landscape pattern, ecological protection and engineering optimization. In this study, Xixi Wetland and surrounding wetlands group are viewed as the study area. We make use of ENVI and ARCGIS to interpretation the remote sensing images in 1990-2010, getting the change of the land use types within 20 years. In order to know the shortcoming of the landscape pattern and put forward the optimize the design, we use Fragstas3.3 software to calculate the landscape dominance, evenness, etc index. In the period 1990-2010, the phenomenon shows that agricultural land and wetlands has a significant reduction, decreasing 709hm2 and 639hm2.During the 1990-2010 period, Agricultural land and wetlands dominance are diminishing. Construction land has been showing a growth trend, however, the growth is slowing after 2006.In the aspect of landscape, the landscape fractal dimension index and plaque density are respectively increased 0.23 and 5.1, indicating the shape complexity of all types and numerous piece in this stage. Meanwhile, in the study, Shannon diversity index, evenness index ,spread degree Less change also shows the regional c